Audit log

Every state-changing event for Scroll: moderation decisions on community submissions, plus corrections and updates from the news pipeline. URL-based decisions carry three independent witnesses — the original source, an Internet Archive snapshot taken at submission time, and a Solana memo signed by our publicly-disclosed publisher key.

1. #1publishby system:backfill

   2026-05-31 17:41:50Z
   Score: ? → ? (no score change)
   anchoranchored

   chain

   ●mainnet-betaslot 423,421,715

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   3QE6bYkD4e4i…NmuPHNAjcopyexplorer ↗

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   493ttTZithZD…ouP4adKscopysha256 → base58

   verifying row…full verify ↗

   canonical bytes (23426 B) ▸

   {"actor":"system:backfill","investigation_id":"3b842216-f507-4ebb-bde7-38c82dbe8ff8","kind":"publish","page_slug":"scroll","published_at":"2026-05-31T17:41:50.055Z","sequence_num":1,"snapshot":{"content_type":"investigation","entity_name":"Scroll","sections":[{"content":"Scroll is a ZK rollup (zero-knowledge rollup) Layer 2 network built on Ethereum that achieves bytecode-level compatibility with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Unlike some ZK rollup designs that require contract recompilation, Scroll's zkEVM mirrors Ethereum opcodes directly, allowing Solidity and Vyper contracts to deploy without modification. The project was founded in early 2021 by Sandy Peng, Ye Zhang, and Haichen Shen, and spent over two years in testnet development before launching its mainnet on October 17, 2023. Scroll has raised a total of $83 million across two funding rounds: a $30 million Series A in April 2022 led by Polychain Capital with participation from Bain Capital Crypto, Robot Ventures, and Geometry DAO, followed by a $50 million round in March 2023 at a $1.8 billion valuation with investors including Polychain, Sequoia China, Bain Capital Crypto, Moore Capital Management, Variant Fund, IOSG Ventures, and Qiming Ventures. The July 2024 Curie upgrade introduced approximately 1.5x gas fee reductions, Zstd compression for transaction data, and a modified EIP-1559 fee model.","heading":"Overview and Technology","severity":"low","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll confirms mainnet launch - The Block","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/257919/scroll-official-mainnet-launch"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Ethereum L2 Scroll reaches $1.8 billion valuation in new funding round - The Block","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/217340/ethereum-scaling-scroll-50-million-funding-round-1-8-billion-valuation"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll zkEVM Mainnet Launch - Business Wire","type":"official","url":"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20231017097939/en/Scroll%E2%80%99s-zkEVM-zkEVM-Launch-Marks-a-Milestone-in-Ethereum-Scalability-and-Efficiency"}]},{"content":"Scroll currently operates with a single centralized sequencer controlled by the Scroll Foundation. This architecture is common among production ZK rollups but carries meaningful risks: the sequencer controls transaction ordering and can, in principle, censor or reorder any user transaction. Additionally, if the centralized sequencer experiences downtime, the rollup ceases processing new transactions. L2Beat classifies Scroll as a Stage 1 ZK rollup, noting that the Scroll team's multisigs hold authority to revert unfinalized batches and add or remove sequencers and provers. The ScrollOwner governance contract is controlled by four timelocks, two governed by the Security Council multisig and two by Scroll team multisigs. Users can force transactions via L1 in the event of sequencer failure, but face up to a seven-day delay. L2Beat further notes that Scroll does not pass the 'walkaway test' — users cannot exit unilaterally if the Security Council disappears. Scroll's published 2025 roadmap identified sequencer decentralization, prover decentralization, and proof recursion improvements as three primary development tracks, but no sequencer decentralization has shipped as of mid-2026. The realistic industry-wide timeline for production decentralized sequencing is estimated at late 2026 to 2027.","heading":"Sequencer Centralization","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll - L2BEAT Risk Assessment","type":"research","url":"https://l2beat.com/scaling/projects/scroll"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll Roadmap 2025 - Scroll on X","type":"official","url":"https://x.com/Scroll_ZKP/status/1897648850619228595"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Will Scroll Drive the Layer 2 Wave - Beosin","type":"research","url":"https://beosin.com/resources/will-scroll-drive-the-layer-2-wave-exploring-zkevm-circuits"}]},{"content":"Scroll launched its SCR governance token on October 22, 2024, with a total supply of 1,000,000,000 SCR tokens. The initial airdrop distributed 7% of total supply (70 million SCR) to over 570,000 eligible wallets, with an additional 8% reserved for future distributions. The token debuted at approximately $1.33–$1.40, giving it an initial market cap near $212–253 million, but declined 32% within 24 hours of launch. The primary sources of community frustration included: (1) Whale concentration — no individual airdrop cap was implemented, resulting in the top 10 wallets receiving 11.7% of the airdrop allocation and the top 100 receiving 34.4%; (2) Binance Launchpool allocation — 5.5% of total supply was directed to Binance Launchpool while only 7% went to the community airdrop; (3) Team allocation — 23% of total supply was reserved for core contributors, advisors, and future team; (4) Alleged Sybil behavior — community members alleged that team-controlled addresses received over one million marks each in the points-based airdrop system, compared to an average of approximately 300 marks per ordinary user. Co-founder Sandy Peng publicly dismissed these specific sybil allegations as 'wild,' stating that Scroll's own addresses received a 'negligible' amount of marks and that SCR allocations to team wallets were primarily used to provide liquidity to decentralized exchanges. Peng also confirmed that co-founders and team members would not personally receive an airdrop. The controversy drove a 24% decline in total value locked on the network within a week of the token launch.","heading":"SCR Token Launch and Airdrop Controversy","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll's Token Declines 32% as Whales Scoop Up Airdrop - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2024/10/23/scrolls-token-declines-32-as-whales-scoop-up-airdrop"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Why the Scroll Layer 2 token airdrop, announced today, annoys some users - The Block","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/322255/why-the-scroll-layer-2-token-airdrop-announced-today-annoys-some-users"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll's SCR Token Debuts at $212M Market Cap - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2024/10/22/scrolls-scr-token-debuts-at-212m-market-cap-in-volatile-trading-session"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll Launches SCR Token to Significant Community Frustration - Bankless","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.bankless.com/scroll-scr-controversy"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll disputes allegations after SCR token drops 32% - Bitget News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.bitget.com/news/detail/12560604382127"}]},{"content":"In April 2026, Scroll's foundation proposed to dissolve the existing Security Council, transition protocol control to a Scroll Admin multisig within approximately 10 days, and cut several DAO contributor roles (many roles scheduled to close by April 20 or April 30; facilitator role scheduled to close in Q2 2026). The stated rationale was that maintaining the Security Council was 'no longer justified' given the cost relative to its impact. The proposal triggered significant community backlash, with critics arguing the move centralizes protocol control and eliminates an independent check on the team's authority. Security analysts noted the change weakens decentralized oversight at a moment when Scroll's TVL and token price were already severely depressed. L2Beat had previously flagged that Scroll's existing design did not pass the 'walkaway test,' and removing the Security Council further concentrates upgrade authority in the Scroll team's multisig wallets. The governance forum post is publicly visible at forum.scroll.io. As of the proposal date, Scroll's TVL had declined approximately 96% from its October 2024 peak of roughly $585 million to approximately $24 million.","heading":"Security Council Dissolution and Governance Concerns","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll triggers criticism with proposal to dissolve security council - CryptoRank","type":"news_article","url":"https://cryptorank.io/news/feed/2c867-scroll-criticism-dissolve-security-council"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll proposes governance overhaul - AMBCrypto","type":"news_article","url":"https://ambcrypto.com/scroll-proposes-governance-overhaul-dissolving-security-council-amid-decentralization-concerns/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Governance Update: Security Council Transition - Scroll Forum","type":"official","url":"https://forum.scroll.io/t/governance-update-security-council-transition-contributor-roles-operational-adjustments/1470"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll Moves to Cut Security Council and Trim DAO - The Defiant","type":"news_article","url":"https://thedefiant.io/news/blockchains/scroll-moves-to-cut-security-council-and-trim-dao-as-struggles-mount"}]},{"content":"In April 2026, Scroll users were overcharged more than $50,000 in excess transaction fees after the Scroll team manually adjusted two rate multipliers in the network's Gas Price Oracle. The team increased the multipliers six times within six days, each increase ranging from 2x to 10x, cumulatively raising the L1 data cost parameter to 1,280 times its original benchmark. On April 9, 2026, the team reduced both multipliers by 160x. Approximately 139,000 transactions were affected; transactions that should have cost a total of roughly $280 were charged over $50,000. Automated bots bore the majority of overcharges, with Etherfi Cash bots accounting for approximately $35,000 (66%) of excess fees and Scroll's own oracle relayer paying approximately $5,200. The overcharges resulted from the multiplier adjustments rather than L1 gas price reporting errors. The episode prompted questions about whether Scroll had been subsidizing fees to retain users and repriced abruptly after its largest fee contributor departed. The gas oracle adjustments were executed through the team's multisig wallet rather than through a governance vote.","heading":"Gas Fee Overcharge Incident","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll Users Paid $50K in Excess Fees After Team Cranked L1 Fees by 1,280x - The Defiant","type":"news_article","url":"https://thedefiant.io/news/blockchains/scroll-users-paid-usd50k-in-excess-fees-after-team-cranked-l1-fees-by-1-280x"},{"credibility":3,"name":"Scroll users were overcharged more than $50,000 in fees - WEEX","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.weex.com/news/detail/scroll-users-were-overcharged-more-than-50000-in-fees-due-to-the-teams-manual-adjustment-of-the-rate-parameters-646262"}]},{"content":"Scroll has engaged multiple security firms to audit its codebase. Trail of Bits and Zellic have reviewed the zkEVM circuits; OpenZeppelin and Zellic have audited the bridge and rollup contracts; and Trail of Bits has analyzed the node implementation. The protocol maintains active bug bounty programs on Immunefi and Remedy. A documented vulnerability involved the modulo circuit in the PSE and Scroll zkEVM implementation, where a missing constraint would have allowed a malicious prover to generate a valid proof of a false modulo operation by manipulating an overflow condition. A separate missing constraint in the SHL/SHR opcode circuit was also identified. Both issues were disclosed and patched. No major exploits resulting in user fund loss have been publicly reported as of mid-2026.","heading":"Security Audits and Known Vulnerabilities","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":1,"name":"Audits & Bug Bounty Program - Scroll Documentation","type":"official","url":"https://docs.scroll.io/en/technology/security/audits-and-bug-bounty/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"PSE & Scroll zkEVM: Missing Overflow Constraint - Zokyo Tutorials","type":"research","url":"https://zokyo-auditing-tutorials.gitbook.io/zokyo-tutorials/tutorial-16-zero-knowledge-zk/bugs-in-the-wild/pse-and-scroll-zkevm-missing-overflow-constraint"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll zkEVM Audit Report - Zellic","type":"research","url":"https://reports.zellic.io/publications/scroll-zkevm"}]},{"content":"At its peak in early 2025, Scroll reported approximately $748 million in total value locked, ranking it as the third-largest Ethereum L2 and the largest zkEVM by market share. By April 2026, TVL had declined to approximately $24 million — a drop of roughly 96% from its 2024–2025 peak. The SCR token similarly declined from an all-time high of approximately $1.43–$1.45 in October 2024 to approximately $0.042–$0.051 as of May 2026, representing a loss of roughly 97% of peak value and a market capitalization of approximately $8–10 million. As of early 2026, the network was reportedly generating under $500 in daily fees despite having raised over $80 million in venture funding. The dramatic metric erosion coincided with broader L2 competition from newer networks, the controversial token launch, and the governance restructuring.","heading":"TVL and Ecosystem Decline","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll - DefiLlama TVL","type":"on_chain","url":"https://defillama.com/chain/Scroll"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll price today, SCR to USD - CoinMarketCap","type":"other","url":"https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/scroll/"},{"credibility":3,"name":"Scroll faces backlash after scrapping security council - MEXC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.mexc.com/news/1026268"}]},{"content":"Scroll was founded in early 2021 by Sandy Peng, Ye Zhang, and Haichen Shen, who met through mutual connections in competitive mathematics and the Ethereum community around 2020. Sandy Peng, co-founder and head of business development and ecosystem, graduated from Cambridge University and previously worked in research at the Hong Kong Securities Regulatory Commission before moving into Web3 investment work from 2017 onward. Ye Zhang, a co-founder focused on ZK research and protocol design, holds a bachelor's degree from Peking University and a Ph.D. from New York University; he began researching ZK proofs in 2018 with a focus on FPGA and ASIC acceleration. Haichen Shen, a co-founder focused on engineering, graduated from the Yao Class at Tsinghua University and completed a Ph.D. at the University of Washington in low-level systems including GPUs, programming languages, and compilers; he subsequently worked at Amazon building machine learning systems. All three founders are publicly named and have maintained visible public profiles. The project is legally incorporated as Scroll Foundation.","heading":"Team and Investor Background","severity":"low","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Sandy Peng Speaker Profile - Blockworks","type":"other","url":"https://blockworks.co/speaker/sandy-peng"},{"credibility":2,"name":"zkEVM with Scroll's Ye Zhang and Haichen Shen - Zero Knowledge Podcast","type":"other","url":"https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/zero-knowledge/episode-234-zkevm-with-9vlZVEFHKc6/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll Co-Founder Discusses zkEVM Mainnet Launch - CoinDesk Video","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/video/scroll-co-founder-discusses-zkevm-mainnet-launch"}]}],"sources_used":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll - L2BEAT","type":"research","url":"https://l2beat.com/scaling/projects/scroll"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll's Token Declines 32% as Whales Scoop Up Airdrop - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2024/10/23/scrolls-token-declines-32-as-whales-scoop-up-airdrop"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll's SCR Token Debuts at $212M Market Cap - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2024/10/22/scrolls-scr-token-debuts-at-212m-market-cap-in-volatile-trading-session"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Layer-2 Scroll Shares Plans for SCR Token Airdrop - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2024/10/08/layer-2-scroll-shares-plans-for-scr-token-airdrop"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Why the Scroll Layer 2 token airdrop annoys some users - The Block","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/322255/why-the-scroll-layer-2-token-airdrop-announced-today-annoys-some-users"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Ethereum L2 Scroll reaches $1.8 billion valuation - The Block","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/217340/ethereum-scaling-scroll-50-million-funding-round-1-8-billion-valuation"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll confirms mainnet launch - The Block","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/257919/scroll-official-mainnet-launch"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll Launches SCR Token to Significant Community Frustration - Bankless","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.bankless.com/scroll-scr-controversy"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll proposes governance overhaul - AMBCrypto","type":"news_article","url":"https://ambcrypto.com/scroll-proposes-governance-overhaul-dissolving-security-council-amid-decentralization-concerns/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll triggers criticism with proposal to dissolve security council - CryptoRank","type":"news_article","url":"https://cryptorank.io/news/feed/2c867-scroll-criticism-dissolve-security-council"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Governance Update: Security Council Transition - Scroll Governance Forum","type":"official","url":"https://forum.scroll.io/t/governance-update-security-council-transition-contributor-roles-operational-adjustments/1470"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll Users Paid $50K in Excess Fees - The Defiant","type":"news_article","url":"https://thedefiant.io/news/blockchains/scroll-users-paid-usd50k-in-excess-fees-after-team-cranked-l1-fees-by-1-280x"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Audits & Bug Bounty Program - Scroll Documentation","type":"official","url":"https://docs.scroll.io/en/technology/security/audits-and-bug-bounty/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll zkEVM Audit Report - Zellic","type":"research","url":"https://reports.zellic.io/publications/scroll-zkevm"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll - DefiLlama TVL","type":"on_chain","url":"https://defillama.com/chain/Scroll"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Sandy Peng Speaker Profile - Blockworks","type":"other","url":"https://blockworks.co/speaker/sandy-peng"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll Co-Founder Discusses zkEVM Mainnet Launch - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/video/scroll-co-founder-discusses-zkevm-mainnet-launch"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Scroll disputes allegations - Bitget News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.bitget.com/news/detail/12560604382127"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Scroll White Paper V1.0 - June 2024","type":"official","url":"https://scroll.io/files/whitepaper.pdf"}],"summary":"Scroll is an Ethereum Layer 2 ZK rollup that launched its mainnet in October 2023, offering bytecode-level EVM compatibility via zero-knowledge proofs. The project raised $83 million in venture funding and launched its SCR governance token in October 2024, but faced significant community backlash over airdrop distribution mechanics, concentrated whale allocations, and a 32% same-day price decline. By early 2026, Scroll's TVL had collapsed approximately 96% from its peak and the project triggered further controversy by proposing to dissolve its Security Council and reduce DAO contributor roles.","timeline":[{"date":"2021-01-01","event":"Scroll founded by Sandy Peng, Ye Zhang, and Haichen Shen after the three met through mutual connections in competitive mathematics and the Ethereum community.","source":"Zero Knowledge Podcast / Gate Learn","source_url":"https://www.gate.com/learn/articles/research-on-the-scroll-blockchain/5830"},{"date":"2022-04-21","event":"Scroll raises $30 million Series A led by Polychain Capital with Bain Capital Crypto, Robot Ventures, and Geometry DAO participating.","source":"The Block","source_url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/142800/scroll-raises-ethereum-scaling-project-funding"},{"date":"2023-03-06","event":"Scroll closes $50 million funding round at a $1.8 billion valuation with investors including Polychain Capital, Sequoia China, Bain Capital Crypto, Moore Capital Management, Variant Fund, IOSG Ventures, and Qiming Ventures, bringing total raised to $83 million.","source":"The Block","source_url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/217340/ethereum-scaling-scroll-50-million-funding-round-1-8-billion-valuation"},{"date":"2023-10-08","event":"First smart contract deployed on Scroll mainnet.","source":"CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2023/10/17/scroll-confirms-mainnet-live-as-co-founder-predicts-speed-gains-over-ethereum"},{"date":"2023-10-17","event":"Scroll officially announces mainnet launch following over two years of development and 15 months of testnet activity across three separate testnets.","source":"CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2023/10/17/scroll-confirms-mainnet-live-as-co-founder-predicts-speed-gains-over-ethereum"},{"date":"2024-07-01","event":"Scroll Curie upgrade launches, delivering approximately 1.5x gas fee reductions, Zstd transaction data compression, and a modified EIP-1559 fee model.","source":"CoinMarketCap Academy","source_url":"https://coinmarketcap.com/academy/article/scroll-unveils-token-launch-as-key-step-towards-network-decentralization"},{"date":"2024-10-08","event":"Scroll announces plans for the SCR token airdrop, including tokenomics breakdown with 1 billion total supply and 7% initial airdrop allocation.","source":"CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2024/10/08/layer-2-scroll-shares-plans-for-scr-token-airdrop"},{"date":"2024-10-19","event":"Airdrop snapshot date for SCR token distribution.","source":"Scroll on X","source_url":"https://x.com/Scroll_ZKP/status/1843638382657974735"},{"date":"2024-10-22","event":"SCR token launches at approximately $1.33, with a market cap near $212 million. Over 570,000 wallets become eligible to claim. Community frustration emerges over no airdrop cap, Binance Launchpool allocation, and team token percentages.","source":"CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2024/10/22/scrolls-scr-token-debuts-at-212m-market-cap-in-volatile-trading-session"},{"date":"2024-10-23","event":"SCR token declines 32% within 24 hours. Top 10 wallets held 11.7% of airdrop; top 100 held 34.4%. Network TVL falls 24% over the following week.","source":"CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2024/10/23/scrolls-token-declines-32-as-whales-scoop-up-airdrop"},{"date":"2026-04-09","event":"Scroll team reduces Gas Price Oracle multipliers by 160x after six cumulative increases over six days had raised the L1 data cost parameter to 1,280 times its baseline, resulting in over $50,000 in excess fees charged to users across approximately 139,000 transactions.","source":"The Defiant","source_url":"https://thedefiant.io/news/blockchains/scroll-users-paid-usd50k-in-excess-fees-after-team-cranked-l1-fees-by-1-280x"},{"date":"2026-04-13","event":"Scroll Foundation proposes dissolving its Security Council, transitioning protocol control to a Scroll Admin multisig within approximately 10 days, and cutting multiple DAO contributor roles, citing the council's cost relative to its impact.","source":"Scroll Governance Forum","source_url":"https://forum.scroll.io/t/governance-update-security-council-transition-contributor-roles-operational-adjustments/1470"}]},"v":1}

   Verify offline (run on your own machine)

   python -m src.verify_decision bb88d15a-1bd5-4a48-a2f3-4a9f189e9434copy