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Raydium AMM

avoid.net/raydium-amm→62/100·82% conf.
[VERIFIED][src:defillama]

Auto-generated score, not yet verified against the scoring model. Under review — treat as indicative, not a verdict.

anchored·3mZQtM…Nhm3

Summary

Raydium is a leading Solana-based automated market maker (AMM) and decentralized exchange (DEX) launched in February 2021 by a pseudonymous team. On December 16, 2022, a compromise of the protocol's admin private key enabled an attacker to drain approximately $4.4 million from eight liquidity pools; the stolen funds were subsequently laundered through Tornado Cash in January 2023. The team implemented a phased compensation plan and post-incident security upgrades, including migration of admin authority to a Squads multisig, but the incident exposed significant centralization risks that were not apparent prior to the exploit.

Connected Entities

8 entities · 60 linked investigations
Organizations
□Ethereum64□Solana62□ZachXBT82□Raydium AMM
Protocols
⌂FixedFloat10
Tokens
♦Coinbase62
Wallets
◇AgJddD…GJwD◇5ndLnE…HEPs
Relationships
  • AgJddD…GJwD→mentioned with→Raydium AMM(50%)
  • 5ndLnE…HEPs→mentioned with→Raydium AMM(50%)
  • Ethereum→mentioned with→Coinbase(60%)
  • ZachXBT→mentioned with→Ethereum(70%)
  • Raydium AMM→mentioned with→Coinbase(65%)
  • Raydium AMM→mentioned with→Solana(80%)
  • Raydium AMM→mentioned with→FixedFloat(70%)
  • Raydium AMM→mentioned with→Ethereum(65%)
  • Raydium AMM→mentioned with→ZachXBT(60%)
  • Coinbase→mentioned with→ZachXBT(70%)
  • + 4 more
Also appears in
FixedFloat·10Solana·62Ethereum·64Lendf.me·30Levyathan·18Jump Trading·42OpenZeppelin AI Exploit Threat Vector·15StableMagnet·2Shibarium·28Dean Daghita / CMDSS (Command Services and Support)·0+ 50 more

Connected Through

5 shared actors · 637 investigations

Distinct actors this investigation shares with others — holders, traders, and named parties. Shared infrastructure (exchanges, pools) is excluded.

Have evidence about Raydium AMM?
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Community submissions

Timeline(9 events)

February 2021

Raydium AMM launched on Solana mainnet by pseudonymous founding team (AlphaRay, XRay, GammaRay).

BeinCrypto

16 December 2022

Admin private key compromised, likely via trojan malware. Attacker drains ~$4.4M from eight AMM V4 liquidity pools using withdrawPNL and SetParams exploits. Patch deployed at 14:16 UTC same day.

Raydium Official Post-Mortem

17 December 2022

Raydium removes exploited admin parameters from AMM V4 program and transfers remaining admin authority to Squads multisig.

Raydium Official Post-Mortem

30 December 2022

DAO governance vote passes (5,598,814 approvals) authorizing compensation plan using DAO treasury and team-vested RAY tokens.

CertiK Exploit Analysis

5 January 2023

Compensation claim portal opens for Phase 1 affected liquidity providers.

Raydium Compensation Plan

19 January 2023

Raydium exploiter deposits 1,774.5 ETH (~$2.7M) into sanctioned mixer Tornado Cash across 42 transactions, effectively laundering the stolen funds.

CoinDesk

14 May 2023

Final extension of compensation claim portal closes. Compensation process concluded.

Raydium Docs — Claim Portal

10 January 2024

Whitehat @riproprip discloses critical tick manipulation vulnerability in Raydium CLMM via Immunefi. No funds lost. $505,000 RAY bounty awarded.

Immunefi Bugfix Review

21 April 2026

Coinbase discontinues RAY perpetual futures contracts as part of a 25-product review; RAY spot trading unaffected.

CoinMarketCap Latest Updates
Provenance & Audit Trail
Anchored on SolanaVerify on-chain13 Wayback Archivessrc:defillama

Decision Log

This investigation is cryptographically anchored to the Solana blockchain (4 events). 13 of 14 cited source URLs have an Internet Archive snapshot.

Fact-checked 2026-09-0533 claims checked6 corrections pending0 applied⛓ anchoredSee findings →
full audit log →version history →

model: claude-sonnet-4-6

generated: 5/4/2026, 2:54:45 AM

last updated: 7/26/2026, 3:34:05 AM

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