Audit log

Every state-changing event for Radiant V2: moderation decisions on community submissions, plus corrections and updates from the news pipeline. URL-based decisions carry three independent witnesses — the original source, an Internet Archive snapshot taken at submission time, and a Solana memo signed by our publicly-disclosed publisher key.

1. #1publishby system:backfill

   2026-05-19 21:12:24Z
   Score: ? → ? (no score change)
   anchoranchored

   chain

   ●mainnet-betaslot 420,848,175

   sig

   39AwoPtH4Y1Q…m7XjkKytcopyexplorer ↗

   hash

   BBbf816uKC6j…L8kXevP4copysha256 → base58

   verifying row…full verify ↗

   canonical bytes (6214 B) ▸

   {"actor":"system:backfill","investigation_id":"7d00d907-ddca-4513-9bdc-f3e52a5766e5","kind":"publish","page_slug":"radiant-v2","published_at":"2026-05-19T21:12:24.558Z","sequence_num":1,"snapshot":{"content_type":"investigation","entity_name":"Radiant V2","sections":[{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://www.nansen.ai/post/what-is-radiant-capital-cross-chain-defi-explained"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://www.datawallet.com/crypto/radiant-capital-explained"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://medium.com/@RadiantCapital/radiant-capital-incident-update-e56d8c23829e"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-radiant-capital-hack-october-2024"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2024/10/16/radiant-capital-loses-50m-to-blockchain-exploit"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://decrypt.co/287162/radiant-capitals-50m-breach-among-most-sophisticated-hacks-in-defi-history"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://medium.com/@RadiantCapital/radiant-post-mortem-fecd6cd38081"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/radiant-capital-lending-protocol-flash-loan-attack-arbitrum"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://www.cryptopolitan.com/radiant-capital-repayment-flash-loan-exploit/"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://blog.quillaudits.com/trending/radiant-capital-hack-analysis/"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://coincentral.com/radiant-capital-hacker-launders-10-8m-through-tornado-cash-mixer/"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://crypto.news/radiant-capital-hack-funds-shift-as-13m-in-eth-swapped-for-dai/"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://news.shib.io/2024/10/24/radiant-capital-hacker-transfers-52m-in-stolen-funds-to-ethereum/"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://crypto.news/radiant-capital-hacker-doubles-funds-eth-trading-2025/"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2024/12/09/radiant-capital-says-north-korean-hackers-behind-50-million-attack-in-october"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/radiant-links-50-million-crypto-heist-to-north-korean-hackers/"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://www.securityweek.com/radiant-capital-50-million-heist-blamed-on-north-korean-hackers/"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://beincrypto.com/north-korea-radiant-capital-hack/"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://medium.com/@RadiantCapital/radiant-capital-incident-update-e56d8c23829e"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-radiant-capital-hack-october-2024"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://cryptoslate.com/radiant-capital-teams-with-us-law-enforcement-after-50m-defi-hack/"},{"credibility":3,"name":"","type":"other","url":"https://coincentral.com/radiant-capital-hacker-launders-10-8m-through-tornado-cash-mixer/"}]}],"sources_used":[],"summary":"Radiant Capital is a decentralized cross-chain lending protocol built on LayerZero that suffered two significant security incidents in 2024: a $4.5 million flash loan exploit in January 2024 and a far more devastating $50 million multisig compromise in October 2024. The October hack, attributed by Mandiant with high confidence to North Korean state-sponsored group UNC4736 (Citrine Sleet / AppleJeus), involved a months-long social engineering campaign, macOS malware deployment on developer devices, and manipulation of hardware wallet signing interfaces to drain funds across BNB Chain and Arbitrum.","timeline":[{"date":"2022-07-01","event":"Radiant Capital launches RDNT token on Arbitrum via Sushiswap fair launch.","source":""},{"date":"2024-01-02","event":"Flash loan exploit drains $4.5 million ETH from newly activated USDC market on Arbitrum via rounding error in liquidityIndex calculation.","source":""},{"date":"2024-01-03","event":"Radiant pauses Arbitrum lending and borrowing markets; promises post-mortem and user repayment.","source":""},{"date":"2024-09-11","event":"North Korean UNC4736 attacker sends malicious Telegram message to Radiant developer, impersonating a former contractor; INLETDRIFT macOS malware deployed via ZIP file.","source":""},{"date":"2024-10-16","event":"Attackers exploit compromised hardware wallets of at least 3 of 11 multisig signers to execute transferOwnership() on LendingPoolAddressesProvider; approximately $50–53 million drained from BSC and Arbitrum markets. Backdoor removed within 3 minutes of theft.","source":""},{"date":"2024-10-17","event":"Radiant publishes initial post-mortem; engages Mandiant, zeroShadow, Hypernative, and SEAL 911.","source":""},{"date":"2024-10-24","event":"On-chain tracking confirms hacker bridges $52M in stolen funds to Ethereum.","source":""},{"date":"2024-12-06","event":"Radiant Capital publishes updated incident report attributing attack to UNC4736 (North Korea) based on Mandiant forensic analysis.","source":""},{"date":"2024-12-09","event":"Public attribution of attack to DPRK-linked UNC4736 / Citrine Sleet / AppleJeus group reported by major media.","source":""},{"date":"2025-08-01","event":"On-chain monitors observe hacker actively trading stolen ETH and DAI; stolen portfolio value reportedly grows from $53M to over $94M through ETH appreciation and active arbitrage.","source":""},{"date":"2025-10-01","event":"Hacker deposits 2,834.6 ETH (approximately $10.8M) into sanctioned mixer Tornado Cash, substantially reducing recovery prospects.","source":""}]},"v":1}

   Verify offline (run on your own machine)

   python -m src.verify_decision c9836dd6-a508-4ed4-aea3-6ce6c7c6822ccopy