Kaspa
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anchored·3PHyTU…dBpzSummary
Kaspa is a proof-of-work cryptocurrency launched in November 2021 that implements the GHOSTDAG blockDAG protocol, developed from academic research by Yonatan Sompolinsky at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The project claims a fair launch with no premine, no ICO, and no venture capital allocation to insiders, though pre-launch R&D was funded by Polychain Capital through the now-dissolved DAGLabs entity. Kaspa has a credible technical foundation and transparent governance, but faces centralization concerns from institutional ASIC miners and carries unresolved questions about the erasure of early transaction history following a genesis reset in November 2021.
Connected Entities
10 entities · 60 linked investigations- Aviv Zohar→member of→Kaspa(80%)
- Yonatan Sompolinsky→member of→Kaspa(95%)
- Ethereum→mentioned with→Coinbase(60%)
- Ethereum→mentioned with→Bitcoin(60%)
- Litecoin→mentioned with→Bitcoin(70%)
- Kaspa→mentioned with→Coinbase(60%)
- Phantom Wallet→mentioned with→Ethereum(70%)
- Kaspa→mentioned with→Litecoin(60%)
- Kaspa→mentioned with→Ethereum(65%)
- Kaspa→mentioned with→Binance(60%)
- + 11 more
Connected Through
7 shared actors · 600 investigationsDistinct actors this investigation shares with others — holders, traders, and named parties. Shared infrastructure (exchanges, pools) is excluded.
- □Ethereumorganization
- ♦Bitcointoken
- □Binanceorganization
- ♦Coinbasetoken
Timeline(16 events)
2018
DAGLabs founded by Yonatan Sompolinsky to commercialize the GHOSTDAG protocol, receiving approximately $8 million from Polychain Capital, Accomplice, and Genesis Mining.
Kaspa Wiki — DAGLabs7 November 2021
Kaspa mainnet launched with no premine, no ICO, and no VC token allocation. Initial block reward set at 440 KAS. Genesis block produced November 8, 2021.
Kaspa Wiki — History and Fair Launch21 November 2021
Critical bug caused a complete network split approximately two weeks after mainnet launch, with roughly 648 million KAS already mined. Development team hardwired a new genesis block based on the last stable checkpoint UTXO set, erasing on-chain transaction records from the initial launch period.
Medium — The Forgotten Blocks14 April 2022
First hard fork since genesis reset, addressing deep side-chain spam attacks.
KasLens Kaspa WikiJuly 2022
Core developer Michael Sutton announced the Rust rewrite initiative (Rusty Kaspa / KIP-001) in the official Kaspa Discord. Community approved and subsequently funded the effort with 100 million KAS.
Rusty Kaspa FAQs — KasMedia12 September 2022
Developer Ori Newman discovered the sig_op_count consensus vulnerability during the Rust rewrite process.
Kaspa Security Patch and Hard Fork — Medium (Michael Sutton)28 September 2022
Permanent hard fork activated at DAA score 27,905,000, fixing the sig_op_count consensus vulnerability by including the field in the transaction hashing process.
Kaspa Security Patch and Hard Fork — Medium (Michael Sutton)31 October 2022
DAGKnight whitepaper published by Yonatan Sompolinsky and Michael Sutton on the 14th anniversary of the Bitcoin whitepaper, introducing a parameterless generalization of Nakamoto consensus.
The DAGKnight Protocol — ePrintSeptember 2023
Marathon Digital Holdings deployed its first Kaspa mining machines, beginning institutional ASIC mining on the network.
Marathon Digital Holdings Kaspa Mining Operations — MARA IR7 January 2024
Testnet 11 (TN11), the 10 BPS Kaspa testnet, launched for the Crescendo upgrade.
Kaspa's 2025 Upgrades — CoinMarketCap AcademyMay 2024
Rusty Kaspa (Rust implementation) released as stable and recommended as the primary network client.
Kaspa on Rust: First Stable Release — Medium25 June 2024
Marathon Digital announced it had mined 93 million KAS (approximately $15 million in value) and was targeting approximately 16% of Kaspa's global hashrate using 60 petahashes of Bitmain ASIC hardware.
Marathon Digital Diversifies Revenue by Mining Kaspa — CryptoSlate30 June 2024
Kasplex KRC-20 beta launched, introducing fungible token standard on Kaspa Layer 2.
Introducing Kasplex — KasMedia5 May 2025
Crescendo hard fork activated on mainnet at DAA score 110,165,000, upgrading the network from 1 BPS to 10 BPS and implementing all Kaspa Improvement Proposals KIP1 through KIP15.
Kaspa Updates to Crescendo and 10BPS — kaspa.org30 April 2026
Toccata hard fork code freeze finalized, incorporating native covenants (SilverScript compiler), ZK verification opcodes, RISC Zero STARK verifier, and native KRC-20 token issuance at the consensus layer.
Kaspa Covenants Toccata Hard Fork Outlook — Medium (Michael Sutton)5 June 2026
Toccata hard fork mainnet activation window opens (June 5–20, 2026), introducing native L1 programmability, covenants, and ZK infrastructure.
KAS.live Hardfork CountdownDecision Log
- slot 445607628 · hash 3YsD13WjtsPscAopyJpkywqkc7DtXGNJPv4ZYBq9eEwW
- slot 424049872 · hash Ayv9JFfomBDULgXk9gonWneJmuGbGeiBgVBGLSGE46oz
- slot 424049846 · hash EFtiRMndpg4EQrerxeBUkS9kotJz74VfYZ39P4SZsBiD
- slot 419629088 · hash 5mHoHb1aKqZHjX4wEQAGEFTshcWrJ4gzQQVGQ9iASqcR
This investigation is cryptographically anchored to the Solana blockchain (4 decisions). 37 of 43 cited source URLs have an Internet Archive snapshot.
model: claude-code-investigator
generated: 5/13/2026, 3:54:12 AM
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