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↯e99e1536
Alleged first on-chain activity begins on one of the two TRON wallets later designated by OFAC, per Scorechain's blockchain analysis (lower-confidence, third-party technical source, not independently corroborated by a Tier 1 source).(2024-02-14:miloud-abderrahmane-isis-crypto-facilitator)event
□f746bce7
Miloud Abderrahmane (ISIS Crypto Facilitator)organization
↯92dd2ffc
EU transaction ban on Bitpapa and other sanctioned platforms takes effect.(2026-08-23:bitpapa-exchange)event
↯d0443fdd
Binance notifies users it will stop processing transactions involving Bitpapa and other EU-sanctioned crypto platforms.(2026-08-14:bitpapa-exchange)event
↯19bbe470
The Council of the European Union adopts its 21st sanctions package against Russia, including Bitpapa among the newly listed entities.(2026-07-23:bitpapa-exchange)event
↯95fd5f26
UK FCDO designates Bitpapa IC FZC LLC alongside 17 other entities and individuals, including HTX and EXMO, for allegedly supporting Russian sanctions evasion via the A7 network; imposes asset freeze, correspondent banking, internet services, and payment-processing restrictions.(2026-05-26:bitpapa-exchange)event
↯b549dd1d
Ukraine's National Security and Defence Council designates Bitpapa under Ukrainian sanctions law.(2025-07:bitpapa-exchange)event
↯ae978b08
Bitpapa reportedly begins listing the rouble-pegged A7A5 stablecoin, coinciding with a surge in the token's trading volume.(2025-06:bitpapa-exchange)event
↯74ad07ab
U.S. OFAC designates Bitpapa IC FZC LLC under Executive Order 14024 for allegedly facilitating sanctions evasion via transactions with Hydra Market and Garantex.(2024-03-25:bitpapa-exchange)event
↯1107d74b
Bitpapa IC FZC LLC incorporated in the UAE (Ajman Media City Free Zone), the legal entity later subject to sanctions designations.(2022-04-29:bitpapa-exchange)event
↯cad041eb
A7A5 transaction volumes reportedly fall to a low of roughly $24.3 million, down about 96% from their July 2025 peak.(2026-06:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
↯6ac7dd7d
Russia's Foreign Ministry sanctions 17-year-old British researcher Alexander Browder and four other UK nationals over a report identifying A7A5 as a key sanctions-evasion tool.(2026-06-04:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
↯a691727d
HTX publicly denies the UK's allegations, stating it rejected an A7A5 listing application after internal compliance review.(2026-05-27:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
↯c50f8179
UK FCDO sanctions 18 entities and individuals tied to the 'Kremlin-backed A7 network,' alleging it moved over $90 billion the prior year; reporting links the package to HTX, EXMO and Bitpapa.(2026-05-26:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
↯4f943111
Grinex, the primary remaining A7A5 trading venue, discloses a security breach with over 1 billion rubles reportedly stolen.(2026-04-16:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
↯19ca9db5
Uniswap removes A7A5 from its decentralized exchange listings.(2025-11:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
↯e9c365ee
EU adopts its 19th sanctions package, directly banning all transactions involving A7A5 and sanctioning its developer, a major trading platform, and its Kyrgyz issuer — the EU's first outright ban on a named cryptocurrency.(2025-10-23:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
↯41bd3210
Russian President Vladimir Putin reportedly takes part in a virtual ceremony marking the opening of an A7 branch in Vladivostok, cited by researchers as evidence of high-level state backing for A7.(2025-09:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
↯ac92ed0a
Last new A7A5 tokens minted, per Elliptic's later analysis, marking the peak of the token's active use.(2025-07-23:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
↯dee5b90d
US Treasury OFAC sanctions Old Vector, A7 LLC and subsidiaries A71 and A7 Agent, plus the Grinex/Garantex network, over alleged sanctions-evasion use of A7A5.(2025-08-14:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
↯bc8ce95a
A7A5, described as the world's first ruble-backed stablecoin, launches, issued by Kyrgyzstan-registered Old Vector on behalf of A7 LLC.(2025-01:a7a5-russian-ruble-stablecoin)event
◎c685b005
asa.org.ukdomain
↯14831e24
EU transaction prohibitions involving EXMO take effect for EU persons and entities.(2026-08-23:exmo-exchange-limited)event
↯11362f51
EU adopts its 21st Russia sanctions package, designating EXMO Exchange Limited.(2026-07-23:exmo-exchange-limited)event
↯9a7ecfa3
EXMO announces orderly wind-down. New registrations and deposits halted; trading restricted to position closure only. A 29.4% shortfall on user balances disclosed, attributed to the 2020 hack and sanctions-related custodian freezes. USDRecover (USDRec) tokens issued as non-tradable, non-withdrawable debt claims for the shortfall portion.(2026-07-16:exmo-exchange-limited)event
↯3cdd0129
Eduard Bark, EXMO co-founder and former beneficial owner, dies from cardiac arrest at age 37.(2025-11-25:exmo-exchange-limited)event
↯3b4bcc88
EXMO removes Russian ruble trading pairs and sells Russia-, Belarus-, and Kazakhstan-facing operations to an undisclosed buyer. The acquired business is rebranded as EXMO.me (Kazakhstan-registered EXMO RBK LTD.). Co-founder Eduard Bark departs and transfers his ~37.51% stake to CEO Serhii Zhdanov.(2022-04-15:exmo-exchange-limited)event
↯214401bc
UK Advertising Standards Authority upholds two complaints against EXMO Exchange Ltd for misleading cryptocurrency advertising, finding breaches of CAP Code rules.(2021-12-01:exmo-exchange-limited)event
↯face3f88
EXMO's FCA temporary registration expires. EXMO subsequently withdraws its full FCA registration application.(2021-07-22:exmo-exchange-limited)event
↯16ae9c61
EXMO Exchange Limited (formerly EXMO Payments Ltd) incorporated in England and Wales, company number 11655602.(2018-11-01:exmo-exchange-limited)event
↯cef84f6f
EXMO Exchange founded, targeting Russian-, Ukrainian-, and Kazakh-speaking crypto traders.(2014-01-01:exmo-exchange-limited)event
◎deff7535
reviews.iodomain
↯a4f01d26
EXMO publicly announces an orderly wind-down, discloses a 29.4% shortfall in client obligations, and issues the non-tradable, non-withdrawable USDRecover (USDRec) token to affected accounts.(2026-07:exmo-exchange-uk-russia-sanctions-shutdown)event
↯3089d689
EXMO confirms its group is 'effectively paralyzed' by the sanctions, halts new registrations and deposits, and restricts trading to position closure ahead of a wind-down.(2026-07-14:exmo-exchange-uk-russia-sanctions-shutdown)event
↯6a116c8e
UK FCDO designates EXMO Exchange Limited under the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, alongside 17 other entities and individuals including HTX/Huobi and Bitpapa, alleging links to Russian sanctions-evasion infrastructure.(2026-05-26:exmo-exchange-uk-russia-sanctions-shutdown)event
↯5b3fa264
Ukraine sanctions EXMO RBC LTD, the Kazakhstan-registered operator of EXMO.me, as part of a package targeting dozens of Russia-linked crypto firms.(2025-07:exmo-exchange-uk-russia-sanctions-shutdown)event
↯7d8bfb3e
EXMO sells its Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan operations to a separate entity (later branded EXMO.me), citing a desire to protect its global expansion amid Russia-related Western sanctions.(2022-03:exmo-exchange-uk-russia-sanctions-shutdown)event
↯d0834d23
EXMO detects and halts a hot-wallet hack; roughly 5% of platform assets (an estimated $10.5 million) are stolen and never fully recovered.(2020-12-21:exmo-exchange-uk-russia-sanctions-shutdown)event
↯0e4cf2e9
EXMO managing director Pavel Lerner is abducted in Kiev, Ukraine, by unidentified individuals; EXMO says the incident does not affect user funds.(2017-12:exmo-exchange-uk-russia-sanctions-shutdown)event
↯ff290e0e
EXMO cryptocurrency exchange founded; grows a large user base among Russian-, Ukrainian-, and Kazakh-speaking traders.(2014:exmo-exchange-uk-russia-sanctions-shutdown)event
△b385dbe4
EXMO Exchange (UK Russia Sanctions / Shutdown)exchange
↯a3e627b4
Coinkite ships additional enhanced firmware update, stating that post-incident AI-assisted code review found additional unrelated vulnerabilities in transaction approval logic, USB handling, and firmware update validation.(2026-08-21:coldcard-wallet-coinkite-firmware-exploit)event
↯c18792d6
Galaxy Research publishes update noting attack activity has halted. Potential total losses estimated at up to 2,417 BTC (~$151.3 million) including an unconfirmed fourth wave.(2026-08-14:coldcard-wallet-coinkite-firmware-exploit)event
↯33714870
Coinkite suspends its standard 120-day customer data deletion policy, citing legal preservation obligations arising from anticipated litigation. Opt-out mechanism offered to customers.(2026-08-07:coldcard-wallet-coinkite-firmware-exploit)event
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