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{"actor":"system:backfill","investigation_id":"8d239268-5921-40d5-930d-fe18c5847435","kind":"publish","page_slug":"amun","published_at":"2026-05-30T12:21:26.655Z","sequence_num":1,"snapshot":{"content_type":"investigation","entity_name":"Amun","sections":[{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"low","sources":[{"credibility":1,"name":"SIX Hosts World's First Crypto Index ETP Listing by Amun","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.six-group.com/en/newsroom/archive/2018/20181122-etp-issuer-amun.html"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun changes its name to 21Shares — GlobeNewswire","type":"official","url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2020/03/03/1993964/0/en/Amun-changes-its-name-to-21Shares.html"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Rising crypto star faces SEC, volatile markets — InvestmentNews","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.investmentnews.com/alternatives/rising-crypto-star-faces-sec-volatile-markets/216594"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun and 21Shares Announces Investors Including Catherine Wood and Anthony Pompliano — GlobeNewswire","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/05/11/2227187/0/en/Amun-and-21Shares-the-Largest-Issuer-of-Cryptocurrency-ETPs-Announces-Investors-Including-Catherine-Wood-and-Anthony-Pompliano.html"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun Shuts Down Leveraged Bitcoin, Ethereum Tokens — Decrypt","type":"news_article","url":"https://decrypt.co/51156/amun-shuts-down-leveraged-bitcoin-ethereum-tokens"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun Launches Two New index Tokens To Simplify Access To The Ethereum DeFi Ecosystem — GlobeNewswire","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/06/25/2253105/0/en/Amun-Launches-Two-New-index-Tokens-To-Simplify-Access-To-The-Ethereum-DeFi-Ecosystem.html"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun Launches PECO Index Token Providing Exposure to Top Polygon Projects — Polygon Blog","type":"official","url":"https://polygon.technology/blog/amun-launches-peco-index-token-providing-exposure-to-top-polygon-projects"},{"credibility":2,"name":"AMUN Leveraged Tokens Explained — Liquid Blog","type":"news_article","url":"https://blog.liquid.com/amun-leveraged-tokens-explained"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"critical","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun's Products Hacked Resulted In A Loss Of $300,000 — Coincu","type":"news_article","url":"https://coincu.com/155799-amun-products-hacked/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"PECO & DFI Post Hack Follow-Up & Relief — Amun Medium","type":"official","url":"https://medium.com/amun-tokens/peco-dfi-post-hack-follow-up-relief-d39969eda6a3"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"DIP2 — Upgrading DFI Rebalance Manager Contract — Amun Medium","type":"official","url":"https://medium.com/amun-tokens/dip2-upgrading-dfi-rebalance-manager-contract-8da1324a75"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Audits — Amun DeFi GitBook","type":"official","url":"https://amun.gitbook.io/amun-defi/security/audits"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun Crypto ETP Launch Sees Minimal Interest — NewsBTC","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.newsbtc.com/news/amun-crypto-etp-launch-sees-minimal-interest-fails-to-curb-bears/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Leveraged Tokens Guide — Amun Support","type":"official","url":"https://support.amun.com/hc/en-us/articles/360045035651-Leveraged-Tokens-Guide"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"low","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Sweden's Financial Authority Approves Swiss Crypto ETP Provider Amun — Bitcoin News","type":"regulatory","url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/swedens-financial-authority-approves-swiss-crypto-etp-provider-amun/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"A Rising Crypto Star Has the SEC and Volatile Markets in Her Way — Wealth Management","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.wealthmanagement.com/etfs/rising-crypto-star-has-sec-and-volatile-markets-her-way"},{"credibility":1,"name":"21Shares Core Ethereum ETF — Form 10-Q SEC filing FY2024","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001992508/000121390024073379/ea021150101ex32-2_21shares.htm"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"ZachXBT Investigations Telegram Channel","type":"social_media","url":"https://t.me/investigations"},{"credibility":3,"name":"ZachXBT Mirror.xyz — Homepage (access restricted at time of investigation)","type":"community_report","url":"https://zachxbt.mirror.xyz/"}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"21Shares co-founder departs — ETF Stream","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.etfstream.com/articles/21shares-co-founder-departs"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Crypto ETF firm 21Shares co-founder Ophelia Snyder departs following FalconX acquisition — Pensions & Investments","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.pionline.com/people-on-the-move/pi-cofounder-crypto-etf-21shares-departs-falconx-acquisition/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"21Shares Parent Company 21.co Raises $25M at $2 Billion Valuation — Decrypt","type":"news_article","url":"https://decrypt.co/109070/21shares-parent-company-21-co-raises-25m-2-billion-valuation"}]}],"sources_used":[{"credibility":1,"name":"SIX Hosts World's First Crypto Index ETP Listing by Amun","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.six-group.com/en/newsroom/archive/2018/20181122-etp-issuer-amun.html"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun changes its name to 21Shares — GlobeNewswire","type":"official","url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2020/03/03/1993964/0/en/Amun-changes-its-name-to-21Shares.html"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun's Products Hacked Resulted In A Loss Of $300,000 — Coincu","type":"news_article","url":"https://coincu.com/155799-amun-products-hacked/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"PECO & DFI Post Hack Follow-Up & Relief — Amun Medium","type":"official","url":"https://medium.com/amun-tokens/peco-dfi-post-hack-follow-up-relief-d39969eda6a3"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun Shuts Down Leveraged Bitcoin, Ethereum Tokens — Decrypt","type":"news_article","url":"https://decrypt.co/51156/amun-shuts-down-leveraged-bitcoin-ethereum-tokens"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun Launches Two New index Tokens — GlobeNewswire","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/06/25/2253105/0/en/Amun-Launches-Two-New-index-Tokens-To-Simplify-Access-To-The-Ethereum-DeFi-Ecosystem.html"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun Launches PECO Index Token — Polygon Blog","type":"official","url":"https://polygon.technology/blog/amun-launches-peco-index-token-providing-exposure-to-top-polygon-projects"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Rising crypto star faces SEC, volatile markets — InvestmentNews","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.investmentnews.com/alternatives/rising-crypto-star-faces-sec-volatile-markets/216594"},{"credibility":2,"name":"DIP2 Upgrading DFI Rebalance Manager Contract — Amun Medium","type":"official","url":"https://medium.com/amun-tokens/dip2-upgrading-dfi-rebalance-manager-contract-8da1324a75"},{"credibility":2,"name":"21Shares co-founder departs — ETF Stream","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.etfstream.com/articles/21shares-co-founder-departs"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Crypto ETF firm 21Shares co-founder departs following FalconX acquisition — Pensions & Investments","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.pionline.com/people-on-the-move/pi-cofounder-crypto-etf-21shares-departs-falconx-acquisition/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"A Rising Crypto Star Has the SEC and Volatile Markets in Her Way — Wealth Management","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.wealthmanagement.com/etfs/rising-crypto-star-has-sec-and-volatile-markets-her-way"},{"credibility":1,"name":"21Shares Core Ethereum ETF — Form 10-Q SEC filing FY2024","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001992508/000121390024073379/ea021150101ex32-2_21shares.htm"},{"credibility":2,"name":"21Shares Parent Company 21.co Raises $25M at $2 Billion Valuation — Decrypt","type":"news_article","url":"https://decrypt.co/109070/21shares-parent-company-21-co-raises-25m-2-billion-valuation"},{"credibility":2,"name":"AMUN Leveraged Tokens Explained — Liquid Blog","type":"news_article","url":"https://blog.liquid.com/amun-leveraged-tokens-explained"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Audits — Amun DeFi GitBook","type":"official","url":"https://amun.gitbook.io/amun-defi/security/audits"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Amun — DefiLlama Protocol Page","type":"on_chain","url":"https://defillama.com/protocol/amun"},{"credibility":3,"name":"ZachXBT Investigations Telegram Channel","type":"social_media","url":"https://t.me/investigations"}],"summary":"Amun refers to two related but distinct entities: Amun AG, a Swiss ETP issuer that rebranded to 21Shares in 2020 and lists regulated crypto exchange-traded products on the SIX Swiss Exchange; and Amun Ltd / Amun DeFi Tokens, a separate DeFi arm that issued leveraged tokens and on-chain index products on Ethereum and Polygon. The DeFi arm experienced a critical smart contract exploit on December 26, 2022 resulting in approximately $300,000 in losses, followed by the termination of multiple product lines. On-chain investigator ZachXBT has been cited in connection with flagging Amun, though a specific, verifiable public post could not be independently confirmed at the time of this investigation.","timeline":[{"date":"2018-07-01","event":"Amun AG incorporated in Zug, Switzerland by Hany Rashwan and Ophelia Snyder.","source":"SIX Group press release","source_url":"https://www.six-group.com/en/newsroom/archive/2018/20181122-etp-issuer-amun.html"},{"date":"2018-11-22","event":"Amun lists the world's first crypto basket index ETP (HODL5) on the SIX Swiss Exchange.","source":"SIX Group","source_url":"https://www.six-group.com/en/newsroom/archive/2018/20181122-etp-issuer-amun.html"},{"date":"2020-03-03","event":"Amun AG completes rebrand to 21Shares. All ETP tickers, ISINs, and WKNs remain unchanged.","source":"GlobeNewswire","source_url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2020/03/03/1993964/0/en/Amun-changes-its-name-to-21Shares.html"},{"date":"2020-06-17","event":"Amun launches leveraged tokens BTC3L, BTC3S, ETH3L, ETH3S on Ethereum via the Jasper platform.","source":"GlobeNewswire","source_url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/06/17/2049252/0/en/Leverage-Tokens-The-Next-Big-Trend-in-Crypto-Amun-Study-Finds-Almost-60-of-Traders-Neutral-or-Unsatisfied-with-Current-Leverage-Offerings.html"},{"date":"2021-06-25","event":"Amun launches DeFi Index Token (DFI) and DeFi Momentum Index (DMX) on Ethereum.","source":"GlobeNewswire","source_url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/06/25/2253105/0/en/Amun-Launches-Two-New-index-Tokens-To-Simplify-Access-To-The-Ethereum-DeFi-Ecosystem.html"},{"date":"2021-10-21","event":"Amun launches PECO (Polygon Ecosystem Index) token in collaboration with the Polygon Foundation.","source":"Polygon Blog / GlobeNewswire","source_url":"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/10/21/2318266/0/en/Amun-Launches-PECO-Index-Token-Providing-Exposure-to-Top-Polygon-Projects.html"},{"date":"2021-12-01","event":"Amun and ARK Invest withdraw joint US Bitcoin futures ETF application due to SEC concerns.","source":"InvestmentNews / Wealth Management","source_url":"https://www.wealthmanagement.com/etfs/rising-crypto-star-has-sec-and-volatile-markets-her-way"},{"date":"2022-03-15","event":"Amun disables minting for the DMX (DeFi Momentum Index) token following a community governance vote to sunset the product.","source":"Decrypt","source_url":"https://decrypt.co/51156/amun-shuts-down-leveraged-bitcoin-ethereum-tokens"},{"date":"2022-12-26","event":"Amun's PECO and DFI tokens exploited via rebalance manager access control vulnerability. Attacker mints 80 billion fake tokens and drains DEX liquidity pools. Approximately $300,000 lost. PECO price drops 100%.","source":"Coincu","source_url":"https://coincu.com/155799-amun-products-hacked/"},{"date":"2023-01-01","event":"Amun publishes post-hack relief governance proposal to freeze and terminate DFI and PECO smart contracts, with freeze scheduled for February 8, 2023. Relief fund established based on pre-exploit token balances.","source":"Amun Medium / Coincu","source_url":"https://medium.com/amun-tokens/peco-dfi-post-hack-follow-up-relief-d39969eda6a3"},{"date":"2023-02-08","event":"DFI and PECO smart contracts frozen pending termination, effectively ending the Amun DeFi token product line.","source":"Amun Medium","source_url":"https://medium.com/amun-tokens/peco-dfi-post-hack-follow-up-relief-d39969eda6a3"},{"date":"2025-11-01","event":"21Shares co-founder Ophelia Snyder departs the company following the acquisition of Amun Holdings by FalconX.","source":"Pensions & Investments / ETF Stream","source_url":"https://www.pionline.com/people-on-the-move/pi-cofounder-crypto-etf-21shares-departs-falconx-acquisition/"}]},"v":1}