Audit log

Every state-changing event for QuadrigaCX: moderation decisions on community submissions, plus corrections and updates from the news pipeline. URL-based decisions carry three independent witnesses — the original source, an Internet Archive snapshot taken at submission time, and a Solana memo signed by our publicly-disclosed publisher key.

1. #1reviewby reviewerreviewer

   2026-05-14 01:46:47Z
   Score: 2 → 2 (no score change)
   The QuadrigaCX investigation page is substantially accurate on its core factual claims: founding details, the circumstances of Cotten's death, the EY cold wallet findings, OSC report conclusions (C$115M trading losses, C$28M external platform losses, 76,000 investors, C$169M total losses), bankruptcy proceedings, the Robertson settlement, the exhumation request, Patryn's criminal history and subsequent 0xSifu and BC forfeiture events, and the Netflix documentary. One material error was found: the page states C$53 million was tied up in a CIBC dispute, whereas all credible sources consistently report the CIBC frozen funds were approximately C$25-28 million. Four claims are partially supported due to minor imprecisions (Crohn's diagnosis age, Shadowcrew arrest count of 28 vs. 19, EY recovery total understated relative to final distribution, alias account count characterization). The C$53 million CIBC figure is the only clearly disputed factual claim.
   anchoranchored

   chain

   ●mainnet-betaslot 419,590,284

   sig

   5UF2s6t8DwRP…8LYTUiX1copyexplorer ↗

   hash

   GvpSPZPdNA3F…78uXnRKNcopysha256 → base58

   verifying row…full verify ↗

   canonical bytes (1306 B) ▸

   {"actor":"reviewer","decided_at":"2026-05-14T01:46:47.229Z","decision":"review","investigation_id":"a7b923f6-e40f-491f-b4ed-a08db486c175","new_score":2,"page_slug":"quadrigacx","prev_score":2,"reason":"The QuadrigaCX investigation page is substantially accurate on its core factual claims: founding details, the circumstances of Cotten's death, the EY cold wallet findings, OSC report conclusions (C$115M trading losses, C$28M external platform losses, 76,000 investors, C$169M total losses), bankruptcy proceedings, the Robertson settlement, the exhumation request, Patryn's criminal history and subsequent 0xSifu and BC forfeiture events, and the Netflix documentary. One material error was found: the page states C$53 million was tied up in a CIBC dispute, whereas all credible sources consistently report the CIBC frozen funds were approximately C$25-28 million. Four claims are partially supported due to minor imprecisions (Crohn's diagnosis age, Shadowcrew arrest count of 28 vs. 19, EY recovery total understated relative to final distribution, alias account count characterization). The C$53 million CIBC figure is the only clearly disputed factual claim.","score_delta":0,"sequence_num":1,"submission_content_hash":null,"submission_id":null,"submission_kind":null,"submission_valence":null,"v":1}

   Verify offline (run on your own machine)

   python -m src.verify_decision 8b7acbfe-7bd6-4fb5-9e93-ae10ca38e180copy
2. #2review reviseby judgejudge

   2026-05-14 01:46:47Z
   Score: 2 → 0 (-8)
   The page is substantially accurate on core claims (founding, Cotten's death, OSC fraud findings, cold wallet discovery, bankruptcy proceedings, Robertson settlement, Patryn's criminal history). However, claim_findings[15] identifies a material factual error: the page states C$53 million was tied up in a CIBC dispute, whereas all credible sources (CBC Tier 1, Norton Rose Tier 2, Wikipedia Tier 2) consistently report C$25-28 million. This figure requires correction. Four claims are only partially supported due to minor details (age of Crohn's diagnosis, Shadowcrew arrest count of 28 vs. 19 confirmed arrests, EY recovery understated vs. final distribution), but these do not rise to the level of clear errors. At 15% disputed weight with high reviewer confidence (0.82) and strong Tier 1 source support for all major allegations, the page warrants revision rather than denial or further investigation.
   anchoranchored

   chain

   ●mainnet-betaslot 419,590,288

   sig

   3xoMozh8Aw2v…ZLhqvKGEcopyexplorer ↗

   hash

   6WjEJSm8mh16…xxue9S8kcopysha256 → base58

   verifying row…full verify ↗

   canonical bytes (1255 B) ▸

   {"actor":"judge","decided_at":"2026-05-14T01:46:47.229Z","decision":"review_revise","investigation_id":"a7b923f6-e40f-491f-b4ed-a08db486c175","new_score":0,"page_slug":"quadrigacx","prev_score":2,"reason":"The page is substantially accurate on core claims (founding, Cotten's death, OSC fraud findings, cold wallet discovery, bankruptcy proceedings, Robertson settlement, Patryn's criminal history). However, claim_findings[15] identifies a material factual error: the page states C$53 million was tied up in a CIBC dispute, whereas all credible sources (CBC Tier 1, Norton Rose Tier 2, Wikipedia Tier 2) consistently report C$25-28 million. This figure requires correction. Four claims are only partially supported due to minor details (age of Crohn's diagnosis, Shadowcrew arrest count of 28 vs. 19 confirmed arrests, EY recovery understated vs. final distribution), but these do not rise to the level of clear errors. At 15% disputed weight with high reviewer confidence (0.82) and strong Tier 1 source support for all major allegations, the page warrants revision rather than denial or further investigation.","score_delta":-8,"sequence_num":2,"submission_content_hash":null,"submission_id":null,"submission_kind":null,"submission_valence":null,"v":1}

   Verify offline (run on your own machine)

   python -m src.verify_decision 12a84152-a109-42c7-97ba-7ebe4baf5661copy
3. #3publishby system:backfill

   2026-05-30 13:03:55Z
   Score: ? → ? (no score change)
   anchoranchored

   chain

   ●mainnet-betaslot 423,161,864

   sig

   vBddm7up9Zjk…NUrBDWekcopyexplorer ↗

   hash

   6pdJj6Y4AKXv…u1nNwyNmcopysha256 → base58

   verifying row…full verify ↗

   canonical bytes (26580 B) ▸

   {"actor":"system:backfill","investigation_id":"a7b923f6-e40f-491f-b4ed-a08db486c175","kind":"publish","page_slug":"quadrigacx","published_at":"2026-05-30T13:03:55.166Z","sequence_num":3,"snapshot":{"content_type":"investigation","entity_name":"QuadrigaCX","sections":[{"content":"QuadrigaCX (operated through Quadriga Fintech Solutions) was founded in November 2013 in Vancouver, British Columbia, by Gerald Cotten and Michael Patryn. At the time of its collapse, it was considered Canada's largest cryptocurrency exchange by trading volume. The platform allowed users to buy and sell Bitcoin and other digital assets and held funds in both hot (online) and cold (offline) wallets on behalf of its approximately 115,000 registered customers.","heading":"Overview and Founding","severity":"low","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Quadriga Fintech Solutions - Wikipedia","type":"other","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga_Fintech_Solutions"},{"credibility":2,"name":"What Happened to QuadrigaCX - Newsweek","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.newsweek.com/what-happened-quadrigacx-bitcoin-operating-gerald-cotten-crypto-king-1694074"}]},{"content":"Gerald Cotten, age 30, died on December 9, 2018, at Fortis Escorts Hospital in Jaipur, India, where he and his wife Jennifer Robertson had traveled for their honeymoon. According to hospital records, Cotten was admitted on December 8 at 9:45 p.m. IST and suffered two cardiac arrests before dying at 7:26 p.m. the following evening. The hospital cited a diagnosis of septic shock, perforation, peritonitis, and intestinal obstruction; Robertson later stated he died from complications of Crohn's disease, with which he had been diagnosed around age 24. No independent autopsy was performed in India at the time of death. Notably, Cotten signed a new will on November 27, 2018, just twelve days before his death, leaving his estate entirely to Robertson. The combination of a recently updated will, no autopsy, and the subsequent discovery that exchange wallets were empty has fueled persistent but unverified speculation that Cotten staged his death.","heading":"Death of Gerald Cotten","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Indian Hospital Releases Details About QuadrigaCX CEO's Death - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/02/07/indian-hospital-releases-details-about-quadrigacx-ceos-death"},{"credibility":2,"name":"CEO of Canadian Crypto Exchange QuadrigaCX Filed Will 12 Days Before Death - NewsBTC","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.newsbtc.com/2019/02/06/quadriga-crypto-will/"},{"credibility":1,"name":"A Death in Cryptoland: The Story of Gerald Cotten and QuadrigaCX - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform/bitcoin-gerald-cotten-quadriga-cx-death/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Details Emerging About Gerald Cotten - Canada's National Observer","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.nationalobserver.com/2019/02/08/news/details-emerging-about-gerald-cotten-young-founder-quadrigacx"}]},{"content":"Following Cotten's death, QuadrigaCX claimed it could not access approximately C$250 million (approximately US$190 million) in cryptocurrency held in offline cold wallets, because only Cotten possessed the passwords. Ernst and Young (EY), appointed as court monitor and later trustee in bankruptcy, conducted a forensic review and located six cold wallet addresses associated with the exchange. All six were found to be empty and had held no cryptocurrency since April 2018 — more than eight months before the exchange publicly disclosed the access problem. This finding indicated that the narrative of inaccessible cold storage was false: the funds had been removed long before Cotten's death. Of the approximately C$190 million owed to users, roughly C$53 million was tied up in a separate ongoing dispute with the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, and the remainder was in cryptocurrency that could not be located.","heading":"Empty Cold Wallets and Missing Funds","severity":"critical","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Report: Quadriga's 6 Cold Wallets Have Been Without Funds Since April 2018 - Bitcoin News","type":"news_article","url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/report-quadrigas-6-cold-wallets-have-been-without-funds-since-april-2018/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Empty Wallets Turn Up in QuadrigaCX Crypto Exchange Case - Fintech Futures","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.fintechfutures.com/blockchain-crypto-digital-assets/empty-wallets-turn-up-in-quadrigacx-crypto-exchange-case"},{"credibility":1,"name":"How QuadrigaCX Lost Access to $190 Million of Customers' Money - Global News","type":"news_article","url":"https://globalnews.ca/news/4914774/quadrigacx-creditor-protection-crypto-exchange/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"QuadrigaCX Trustee Preliminary Report - Amy Castor","type":"research","url":"https://amycastor.com/2019/05/21/quadrigacx-trustees-preliminary-report-yup-looks-like-your-moneys-all-gone/"}]},{"content":"In June 2020, the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) published a comprehensive investigative report concluding that QuadrigaCX was a fraud and that its co-founder and CEO Gerald Cotten had operated it as a Ponzi scheme. The OSC found that Cotten opened at least five fake customer accounts under aliases (including 'Chris Markay,' 'Aretwo Deetwo,' and others) and credited himself with fictitious cryptocurrency and fiat balances, which he then used to trade against real, unsuspecting customers. When crypto asset prices moved against him, he sustained real losses, creating a growing shortfall in customer assets. To cover these shortfalls, he used new customer deposits — the classic structure of a Ponzi scheme. The OSC determined that approximately C$115 million of total losses arose directly from Cotten's fraudulent trading activity, and that he lost an additional C$28 million trading client assets on three external platforms without client authorization or disclosure. Collectively, the collapse caused losses of at least C$169 million to approximately 76,000 investors in Canada and internationally. The OSC also found that a complete absence of internal controls, independent oversight, and proper record-keeping enabled the fraud to persist undetected.","heading":"OSC Fraud and Ponzi Scheme Findings","severity":"critical","sources":[{"credibility":1,"name":"OSC Publishes Investigative Report of QuadrigaCX - OSC Official Announcement","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.osc.ca/en/news-events/news/osc-publishes-investigative-report-quadrigacx"},{"credibility":1,"name":"QuadrigaCX: A Review by Staff of the Ontario Securities Commission - Official OSC Report","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.osc.ca/quadrigacxreport/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"QuadrigaCX Was a Ponzi Scheme, OSC Investigation Finds - Investment Executive","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.investmentexecutive.com/news/from-the-regulators/quadrigacx-was-a-ponzi-scheme-osc-investigation-finds/"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Crypto Exchange Quadriga Was a Fraud and Founder Was Running Ponzi Scheme, OSC Report Finds - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.5607990"},{"credibility":2,"name":"OSC Finds Quadriga CEO Ran Ponzi Scheme - BetaKit","type":"news_article","url":"https://betakit.com/osc-finds-quadriga-ceo-ran-ponzi-scheme-leading-up-to-crypto-exchanges-downfall/"}]},{"content":"On February 5, 2019, QuadrigaCX filed for creditor protection under Canada's Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA) in Nova Scotia Supreme Court. Ernst and Young was appointed as court monitor. On April 8, 2019, the court appointed EY as Trustee in Bankruptcy, and on April 15, 2019, the company was formally assigned into bankruptcy under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. The case was subsequently transferred to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) in September 2019. A claims process was established, and a first interim dividend of approximately C$0.13 per dollar of claim value was declared in March 2023. Of the approximately C$215.7 million in liabilities, EY recovered approximately C$28 million in assets for distribution.","heading":"Bankruptcy Proceedings and Creditor Recovery","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"QuadrigaCX Starts Bankruptcy Proceedings - Bitcoin Magazine","type":"news_article","url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/quadrigacx-starts-bankruptcy-proceedings"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Quadriga Bankruptcy: C$190 Million May Have Turned into Digital Dust - Norton Rose Fulbright","type":"research","url":"https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/168bc350/quadriga-bankruptcy"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Ernst and Young: QuadrigaCX Should File for Bankruptcy - FX Street","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.fxstreet.com/amp/cryptocurrencies/news/ernst-and-young-quadrigacx-should-file-for-bankruptcy-201904040547"}]},{"content":"Jennifer Robertson, Cotten's widow, reached a settlement with the bankruptcy trustee. Under the agreement, Robertson surrendered approximately C$12 million in assets, including real estate properties, a boat, and a Cessna 400 airplane that had been transferred to her or inherited from Cotten's estate. She was permitted to retain more than C$90,000 in cash, her Jeep Cherokee, and her wedding ring. Robertson has publicly stated she was unaware of the fraudulent nature of the exchange's operations during Cotten's lifetime.","heading":"Jennifer Robertson Settlement","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":1,"name":"Settlement Allows QuadrigaCX Founder's Widow to Keep $90K in Cash, Wedding Ring, Jeep - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/jennifer-robertson-quadrigacx-settlement-agreement-1.5313813"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Widow of QuadrigaCX Founder Gerald Cotten Agrees to Help Repay Exchange Users - The Globe and Mail","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-widow-of-late-quadrigacx-founder-gerald-cotten-reaches-settlement-in/"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Quadriga CEO's Widow Speaks Out - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/quadriga-widow-jennifer-roberston-gerald-cotten-1.6318955"}]},{"content":"In December 2019, lawyers representing QuadrigaCX customers filed a formal request with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to exhume Cotten's remains and conduct an independent autopsy. The stated rationale was to verify both Cotten's identity and the cause of death, given the suspicious circumstances. Robertson's legal team opposed the request, stating Robertson was 'heartbroken' and questioning how an exhumation would assist in asset recovery. As of the available public record, no exhumation had been carried out, and no formal criminal charges have been filed in connection with the QuadrigaCX collapse.","heading":"Exhumation Request","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":1,"name":"QuadrigaCX Clients' Lawyers Seek Exhumation of Late Founder's Remains - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/quadrigacx-gerald-cotten-exhumation-1.5396811"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Request for Exhumation: QuadrigaCX Creditors Ask for Proof That Cotten Is Dead - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/12/13/request-for-exhumation-quadrigacx-creditors-ask-for-proof-that-cotten-is-dead"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Crypto Mystery: Digging Up Gerald Cotten's Body to Trace Money - Al Jazeera","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/12/16/crypto-mystery-digging-up-gerald-cottens-body-to-trace-money"}]},{"content":"QuadrigaCX co-founder Michael Patryn was identified by The Globe and Mail and Bloomberg as Omar Dhanani, a convicted criminal who had been one of 28 individuals arrested for operating an identity theft ring called 'Shadowcrew.' Dhanani pleaded guilty and served 18 months in a U.S. federal prison. He changed his name to Omar Patryn in British Columbia in 2003 and again to Michael Patryn in 2008. Patryn has stated he departed QuadrigaCX in 2016, prior to the period identified in OSC findings as the fraudulent trading period. In January 2022, Patryn was identified as '0xSifu,' the pseudonymous treasury manager of the DeFi protocol Wonderland, triggering that project's collapse after his criminal background became public. In March 2024, British Columbia filed an unexplained wealth order against Patryn, seeking to compel him to explain the origins of approximately C$1 million in cash, 45 gold bars, luxury watches, and jewelry seized from a safety deposit box. In December 2025, British Columbia secured a default judgment forfeiting the assets after Patryn declined to contest the action.","heading":"Co-Founder Michael Patryn — Criminal History and Subsequent Actions","severity":"critical","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"QuadrigaCX Co-Founder Michael Patryn Is Actually Convicted Criminal Omar Dhanani - CoinTelegraph","type":"news_article","url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/quadrigacx-co-founder-michael-patryn-is-actually-convicted-criminal-omar-dhanani-report"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Michael Patryn of QuadrigaCX Is Back as 0xSifu from DeFi Protocol Wonderland - David Gerard","type":"news_article","url":"https://davidgerard.co.uk/blockchain/2022/01/27/michael-patryn-of-quadrigacx-is-back-as-0xsifu-from-defi-protocol-wonderland/"},{"credibility":1,"name":"B.C. Files Unexplained Wealth Order to Seize Cash, Gold Bars from Quadriga Crypto Scam Co-Founder - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-unexplained-wealth-order-quadriga-crypto-scam-co-founder-1.7157188"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Canadian Province Wins Forfeiture of $1M QuadrigaCX Co-Founder's Cash, Gold via Default Judgment - CoinDesk","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/12/08/canadian-province-granted-forfeiture-of-quadrigacx-co-founder-s-assets-with-default-judgement"},{"credibility":2,"name":"QuadrigaCX CoFounder Michael Patryn Resurfaces as 0xSifu, Treasury Manager of Wonderland - Amy Castor","type":"research","url":"https://amycastor.com/2022/01/27/quadrigacx-cofounder-michael-patryn-resurfaces-as-oxsifu-treasury-manager-of-wonderland/"}]},{"content":"On March 30, 2022, Netflix released 'Trust No One: The Hunt for the Crypto King,' a feature-length documentary directed by Luke Sewell. The film follows a group of QuadrigaCX investors who lost money in the collapse and their efforts, through a self-organized group called 'The Committee,' to investigate the circumstances of Cotten's death and recover their funds. The documentary received mixed reviews: CoinDesk noted it captured the human dimension of the losses and investor frustration but that it leaned into conspiracy framing and raised more questions than it resolved about whether Cotten actually died.","heading":"Netflix Documentary","severity":"low","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Trust No One: The Hunt for the Crypto King - Wikipedia","type":"other","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_No_One:_The_Hunt_for_the_Crypto_King"},{"credibility":2,"name":"What Netflix's QuadrigaCX Documentary Gets Right and Wrong - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/03/31/what-netflixs-quadrigacx-documentary-gets-right-and-wrong-about-one-of-cryptos-worst-scandals"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Netflix to Release Documentary About QuadrigaCX CEO's Mysterious Life and Death - CoinTelegraph","type":"news_article","url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/netflix-to-release-documentary-about-quadrigacx-ceo-s-mysterious-life-and-death"}]}],"sources_used":[{"credibility":1,"name":"OSC Publishes Investigative Report of QuadrigaCX - Official OSC","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.osc.ca/en/news-events/news/osc-publishes-investigative-report-quadrigacx"},{"credibility":1,"name":"QuadrigaCX: A Review by Staff of the Ontario Securities Commission - Full Report","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.osc.ca/quadrigacxreport/"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Crypto Exchange Quadriga Was a Fraud and Founder Was Running Ponzi Scheme, OSC Report Finds - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.5607990"},{"credibility":1,"name":"A Death in Cryptoland: The Story of Gerald Cotten and QuadrigaCX - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform/bitcoin-gerald-cotten-quadriga-cx-death/"},{"credibility":1,"name":"QuadrigaCX Clients' Lawyers Seek Exhumation - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/quadrigacx-gerald-cotten-exhumation-1.5396811"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Settlement Allows QuadrigaCX Founder's Widow to Keep $90K in Cash - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/jennifer-robertson-quadrigacx-settlement-agreement-1.5313813"},{"credibility":1,"name":"How QuadrigaCX Lost Access to $190 Million of Customers' Money - Global News","type":"news_article","url":"https://globalnews.ca/news/4914774/quadrigacx-creditor-protection-crypto-exchange/"},{"credibility":1,"name":"Widow of QuadrigaCX Founder Agrees to Help Repay Exchange Users - The Globe and Mail","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-widow-of-late-quadrigacx-founder-gerald-cotten-reaches-settlement-in/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Indian Hospital Releases Details About QuadrigaCX CEO's Death - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/02/07/indian-hospital-releases-details-about-quadrigacx-ceos-death"},{"credibility":2,"name":"What Netflix's QuadrigaCX Documentary Gets Right and Wrong - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/03/31/what-netflixs-quadrigacx-documentary-gets-right-and-wrong-about-one-of-cryptos-worst-scandals"},{"credibility":2,"name":"QuadrigaCX Was a Ponzi Scheme, OSC Investigation Finds - Investment Executive","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.investmentexecutive.com/news/from-the-regulators/quadrigacx-was-a-ponzi-scheme-osc-investigation-finds/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"OSC Finds Quadriga CEO Ran Ponzi Scheme - BetaKit","type":"news_article","url":"https://betakit.com/osc-finds-quadriga-ceo-ran-ponzi-scheme-leading-up-to-crypto-exchanges-downfall/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Report: Quadriga's 6 Cold Wallets Have Been Without Funds Since April 2018 - Bitcoin News","type":"news_article","url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/report-quadrigas-6-cold-wallets-have-been-without-funds-since-april-2018/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"QuadrigaCX Co-Founder Michael Patryn Is Actually Convicted Criminal Omar Dhanani - CoinTelegraph","type":"news_article","url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/quadrigacx-co-founder-michael-patryn-is-actually-convicted-criminal-omar-dhanani-report"},{"credibility":1,"name":"B.C. Files Unexplained Wealth Order to Seize Cash, Gold Bars from Quadriga Co-Founder - CBC News","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-unexplained-wealth-order-quadriga-crypto-scam-co-founder-1.7157188"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Canadian Province Wins Forfeiture of $1M QuadrigaCX Co-Founder's Cash, Gold - CoinDesk","type":"regulatory","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/12/08/canadian-province-granted-forfeiture-of-quadrigacx-co-founder-s-assets-with-default-judgement"},{"credibility":2,"name":"QuadrigaCX CoFounder Michael Patryn Resurfaces as 0xSifu - Amy Castor","type":"research","url":"https://amycastor.com/2022/01/27/quadrigacx-cofounder-michael-patryn-resurfaces-as-oxsifu-treasury-manager-of-wonderland/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Trust No One: The Hunt for the Crypto King - Wikipedia","type":"other","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_No_One:_The_Hunt_for_the_Crypto_King"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Quadriga Fintech Solutions - Wikipedia","type":"other","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga_Fintech_Solutions"},{"credibility":2,"name":"QuadrigaCX Trustee Preliminary Report - Amy Castor","type":"research","url":"https://amycastor.com/2019/05/21/quadrigacx-trustees-preliminary-report-yup-looks-like-your-moneys-all-gone/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Quadriga Bankruptcy: C$190 Million May Have Turned into Digital Dust - Norton Rose Fulbright","type":"research","url":"https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/168bc350/quadriga-bankruptcy"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Gerald Cotten and Quadriga: Unraveling Crypto's Biggest Mystery - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/06/29/gerald-cotten-and-quadriga-unraveling-cryptos-biggest-mystery"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Request for Exhumation: QuadrigaCX Creditors Ask for Proof That Cotten Is Dead - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/12/13/request-for-exhumation-quadrigacx-creditors-ask-for-proof-that-cotten-is-dead"},{"credibility":2,"name":"CEO of Canadian Crypto Exchange QuadrigaCX Filed Will 12 Days Before Death - NewsBTC","type":"news_article","url":"https://www.newsbtc.com/2019/02/06/quadriga-crypto-will/"}],"summary":"QuadrigaCX was a Canadian cryptocurrency exchange founded in 2013 that collapsed in early 2019 following the death of its CEO Gerald Cotten in India in December 2018. The Ontario Securities Commission concluded in June 2020 that the exchange had operated as a fraud and Ponzi scheme, with Cotten using fictitious balances and customer funds for personal enrichment, causing losses of at least C$169 million across approximately 76,000 affected users.","timeline":[{"date":"2013-11-01","event":"QuadrigaCX founded in Vancouver, British Columbia by Gerald Cotten and Michael Patryn","source":"Wikipedia / Quadriga Fintech Solutions","source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga_Fintech_Solutions"},{"date":"2018-04-01","event":"Ernst and Young later determines that all six QuadrigaCX cold wallets were emptied by approximately this date, eight months before the exchange's collapse","source":"Bitcoin News / EY trustee reports","source_url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/report-quadrigas-6-cold-wallets-have-been-without-funds-since-april-2018/"},{"date":"2018-11-27","event":"Gerald Cotten signs a new will leaving all assets to wife Jennifer Robertson, twelve days before his death","source":"NewsBTC","source_url":"https://www.newsbtc.com/2019/02/06/quadriga-crypto-will/"},{"date":"2018-12-08","event":"Gerald Cotten admitted to Fortis Escorts Hospital in Jaipur, India in septic shock","source":"CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/02/07/indian-hospital-releases-details-about-quadrigacx-ceos-death"},{"date":"2018-12-09","event":"Gerald Cotten dies at Fortis Escorts Hospital in Jaipur, India; cause recorded as cardiac arrest/septic shock","source":"CoinDesk / CBC News","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2019/02/07/indian-hospital-releases-details-about-quadrigacx-ceos-death"},{"date":"2019-01-14","event":"QuadrigaCX publicly announces inability to access cold wallets and discloses C$190 million shortfall; suspends operations","source":"Global News","source_url":"https://globalnews.ca/news/4914774/quadrigacx-creditor-protection-crypto-exchange/"},{"date":"2019-02-05","event":"QuadrigaCX files for creditor protection under CCAA in Nova Scotia Supreme Court; Ernst and Young appointed monitor","source":"Bitcoin Magazine","source_url":"https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/quadrigacx-starts-bankruptcy-proceedings"},{"date":"2019-04-08","event":"Ernst and Young appointed Trustee in Bankruptcy by the Nova Scotia Supreme Court","source":"Norton Rose Fulbright","source_url":"https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/168bc350/quadriga-bankruptcy"},{"date":"2019-09-10","event":"Quadriga case transferred to Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List)","source":"Norton Rose Fulbright","source_url":"https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/168bc350/quadriga-bankruptcy"},{"date":"2019-10-01","event":"Jennifer Robertson reaches settlement with bankruptcy trustee, surrendering approximately C$12 million in assets","source":"CBC News","source_url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/jennifer-robertson-quadrigacx-settlement-agreement-1.5313813"},{"date":"2019-12-13","event":"Lawyers for QuadrigaCX customers formally request RCMP exhume Gerald Cotten's remains to verify identity and cause of death","source":"CBC News","source_url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/quadrigacx-gerald-cotten-exhumation-1.5396811"},{"date":"2020-06-11","event":"Ontario Securities Commission publishes investigative report concluding QuadrigaCX was a fraud and Ponzi scheme operated by Gerald Cotten","source":"OSC Official Announcement","source_url":"https://www.osc.ca/en/news-events/news/osc-publishes-investigative-report-quadrigacx"},{"date":"2022-01-27","event":"QuadrigaCX co-founder Michael Patryn identified as '0xSifu,' pseudonymous treasury manager of DeFi protocol Wonderland, prompting that protocol's collapse","source":"Amy Castor / David Gerard","source_url":"https://amycastor.com/2022/01/27/quadrigacx-cofounder-michael-patryn-resurfaces-as-oxsifu-treasury-manager-of-wonderland/"},{"date":"2022-03-30","event":"Netflix releases documentary 'Trust No One: The Hunt for the Crypto King' about the QuadrigaCX collapse","source":"Wikipedia","source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_No_One:_The_Hunt_for_the_Crypto_King"},{"date":"2023-03-01","event":"Bankruptcy trustee declares first interim dividend to creditors at approximately C$0.13 per dollar of claim value","source":"Wikipedia / Quadriga Fintech Solutions","source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga_Fintech_Solutions"},{"date":"2024-03-28","event":"British Columbia files unexplained wealth order against QuadrigaCX co-founder Michael Patryn, targeting approximately C$1 million in cash, gold, and luxury assets","source":"CoinDesk / CBC News","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2024/03/28/canadian-province-asks-quadrigacx-co-founder-to-explain-his-wealth-in-new-order"},{"date":"2025-12-08","event":"British Columbia wins default judgment forfeiting Michael Patryn's seized cash and gold after Patryn declined to contest the action","source":"CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/12/08/canadian-province-granted-forfeiture-of-quadrigacx-co-founder-s-assets-with-default-judgement"}]},"v":1}

   Verify offline (run on your own machine)

   python -m src.verify_decision 8421b61f-f272-4af3-8f42-cd6980306860copy