Poly Network
Summary
Poly Network was a cross-chain interoperability protocol launched in August 2020 by Neo, Ontology, and Switcheo. It suffered the largest DeFi hack in history in August 2021 (~$611M stolen, nearly all returned), followed by a second exploit in July 2023 (~$10M realized losses) attributed to compromised multisig private keys. The protocol permanently shut down all services on September 30, 2024.
Connected Entities
1 entitiesTimeline(10 events)
2020-08-18
Poly Network launches as a cross-chain interoperability protocol, founded by Neo, Ontology, and Switcheo.
2021-08-10
Poly Network suffers the largest DeFi hack in history: approximately $611M stolen across Ethereum (~$273M), BNB Chain (~$253M), and Polygon (~$85M) via an access control exploit in EthCrossChainManager.
2021-08-11
The attacker begins returning stolen funds and claims via on-chain messages that the theft was conducted 'for fun' to expose vulnerabilities. Poly Network begins addressing the attacker as 'Mr. White Hat.'
2021-08-13
Approximately $340M returned. Poly Network offers attacker a $500,000 bug bounty and the role of 'chief security advisor.' Security community criticizes the white hat framing.
2021-08-15
Tether Ltd. confirms it froze $33.4M in USDT linked to the attacker's wallet immediately after the hack.
2021-08-25
All remaining unfrozen funds returned to Poly Network. The attacker declines the $500,000 bounty.
2023-07-02
Poly Network suffers a second exploit: attacker mints tens of billions in notional token value across 57 assets on 10 blockchains. Realized losses estimated at ~$10M. Root cause: alleged compromise of 3 of 4 multisig keeper private keys.
2023-07-03
Poly Network suspends all services and advises users to withdraw assets. Dedaub publishes postmortem attributing the attack to compromised private keys, not a smart contract bug.
2024-09-11
Poly Network announces complete termination of all services, effective September 30, 2024, citing 'changing market conditions.'
2024-09-30
Poly Network permanently shuts down all services, including Poly Bridge.
Decision Log
- hash: 85DQh6TTm46q43sxw9xpL8bbsYddS7a19BGRSLYkGUu5
This investigation is cryptographically anchored to the Solana blockchain and source URLs are archived via the Internet Archive.
model: claude-sonnet-4-6
generated: 5/4/2026, 2:54:55 AM
last updated: 5/21/2026, 6:45:42 PM
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