Audit log

Every state-changing event for Loopring: moderation decisions on community submissions, plus corrections and updates from the news pipeline. URL-based decisions are designed to carry three independent witnesses — the original source, an Internet Archive snapshot, and a Solana memo signed by our publicly-disclosed publisher key. Archive coverage is still being backfilled, so each decision below reports its own snapshot status rather than assuming one exists.

1. #1publishby system:backfill

   2026-05-27 02:44:52Z
   Score: ? → ? (no score change)
   anchoranchored

   chain

   ●mainnet-betaslot 422,413,733

   sig

   5K9uRtmeT4Zh…3dx148hVcopyexplorer ↗

   hash

   EVmHot6aPrXx…956FpB4mcopysha256 → base58

   verifying row…full verify ↗

   canonical bytes (7453 B) ▸

   {"actor":"system:backfill","investigation_id":"15b3c909-e064-48fc-a855-ee546aee8fff","kind":"publish","page_slug":"loopring","published_at":"2026-05-27T02:44:52.293Z","sequence_num":1,"snapshot":{"content_type":"investigation","entity_name":"Loopring","sections":[{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://loopring.org/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.gemini.com/cryptopedia/loopring-coin-dex-decentralized-exchange","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://messari.io/project/loopring","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://defiprime.com/loopring-protocol","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://medium.com/loopring-protocol/postmortem-incident-report-and-path-forward-aa64f7e5f7d1","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-loopring-hack-june-2024","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://beincrypto.com/loopring-hack-guardian-wallet-exploit/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://cryptopotato.com/loopring-smart-wallets-suffer-a-5-million-exploit/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.web3isgoinggreat.com/?id=loopring-wallet-hack","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://cryptoslate.com/lrc-falls-to-4-month-low-as-looprings-most-secured-wallets-hit-with-5-million-breach/","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://medium.com/loopring-protocol/postmortem-incident-report-and-path-forward-aa64f7e5f7d1","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-loopring-hack-june-2024","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.blocmates.com/news-posts/loopring-hack-2fa-breach-instigates-5-million-drain","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.mexc.com/news/703876","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://cryptonews.net/news/market/32428178/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.cryptotimes.io/2026/02/13/upbit-to-delist-loopring-over-transparency-and-risk-issues/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.cryptotimes.io/2026/03/18/binance-to-delist-8-major-altcoins-in-april-including-forth-idex-lrc/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://cryptorank.io/news/feed/fcfd8-upbit-bithumb-loopring-delisting-lrc","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://phemex.com/news/article/upbit-to-delist-loopring-lrc-over-business-concerns-60207","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://medium.com/loopring-protocol/loopring-wallet-closure-announcement-287400ff621b","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://crypto.news/loopring-to-cease-wallet-operations-on-june-30/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://medium.com/loopring-protocol/time-to-say-goodbye-7eeab35ecfeb","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://phemex.com/news/article/loopring-ceo-resigns-lrc-price-jumps-9-amid-community-speculation-17033","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://crypto.news/loopring-ceo-resigns-after-3-years-lrc-surges-9/","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/loopring","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://whale-alert.io/stories/c09b01dc4d02cf/Loopring-LRC-faces-liquidity-hit-after-Upbit-delist-Binance-delisting-scheduled-Apr-1-long-term-recovery-hinges-on-Layer3-adoption","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://coinmarketcap.com/cmc-ai/loopring/latest-updates/","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://blog.mexc.com/xrp-community-alerted-to-fraudulent-loopring-scheme-by-ripple-cto-creator-brian/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://beincrypto.com/loopring-user-targetted-phishing-hackers/","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://steemit.com/cryptocurrency/@linuxguy/binance-suspends-lrc-loopring-refunds-being-issued-by-loopring-team","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://fortune.com/2017/09/12/cryptocurrency-china-initial-coin-offerings/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://defiprime.com/loopring-protocol","type":"other","url":""}]}],"sources_used":[],"summary":"Loopring is an Ethereum Layer-2 zkRollup-based decentralized exchange protocol founded in 2017 by Daniel Wang. The protocol suffered a critical June 2024 security breach in which an attacker compromised the Official Guardian two-factor authentication server, draining approximately $5 million from 58 smart wallet accounts. Subsequent to the hack, Loopring wound down its consumer wallet product, shut down DeFi services, lost listings on major exchanges including Binance, Upbit, and Bithumb, and saw its CEO resign in August 2025, leaving the project's long-term viability in serious question.","timeline":[{"date":"2017-08-01","event":"Loopring conducts ICO, raising approximately 120,000 ETH (~$45M).","source":""},{"date":"2017-09-04","event":"People's Bank of China bans ICOs; Loopring refunds approximately 85%+ of raised ETH to investors.","source":""},{"date":"2020-01-01","event":"Loopring launches public zkRollup exchange at loopring.io.","source":""},{"date":"2021-11-10","event":"LRC reaches all-time high of approximately $3.83 amid bull market speculation.","source":""},{"date":"2022-01-01","event":"Founder Daniel Wang departs CEO role; joins Taiko Labs. Steve Guo assumes CEO.","source":""},{"date":"2024-06-09","event":"Attacker compromises Loopring's Official Guardian 2FA server via malware planted on AWS infrastructure; 58 smart wallets drained of approximately $5 million, consolidated to address 0x44f887cfbd667cb2042dd55ab1d8951c94bb0102.","source":""},{"date":"2024-06-10","event":"Loopring suspends Guardian and 2FA operations; engages SlowMist security firm; reports incident to Singapore police.","source":""},{"date":"2024-06-01","event":"LRC price drops to a multi-month low following disclosure of the hack.","source":""},{"date":"2026-01-01","event":"Upbit, Bithumb, and Korbit place LRC on delisting watchlists citing disclosure deficiencies and sustainability concerns.","source":""},{"date":"2025-06-30","event":"Loopring Smart Wallet mobile application officially ceases operations.","source":""},{"date":"2025-07-31","event":"Loopring shuts down DeFi services: Dual Investment, Portal, Block Trade, and ETH Staking.","source":""},{"date":"2025-08-01","event":"CEO Steve Guo resigns after approximately three years; team announces Layer-3 DEX infrastructure pivot.","source":""},{"date":"2026-03-07","event":"Binance places LRC under Monitoring Tag.","source":""},{"date":"2026-03-16","event":"Upbit and Bithumb complete delisting of LRC, citing compliance failures.","source":""},{"date":"2026-04-01","event":"Binance removes LRC from all spot trading markets.","source":""}]},"v":1}

   Verify offline (run on your own machine)

   python -m src.verify_decision eb3efc5e-f4a1-47c6-9c24-c273368943e2copy
2. #2reviewby reviewerreviewer

   2026-06-14 23:15:58Z
   Score: 32 → 32 (no score change)
   Blue-chip calibration review (Prompt A). Verdict: over-penalized. Page content is treated as accurate; the trust_score band is miscalibrated. Loopring is a legitimate Ethereum Layer-2 zkRollup DEX protocol with real technical infrastructure independently verified by L2Beat ($8.35M TVL, Stage 0 ZK Rollup classification, live as of June 2026). The primary incident driving the WARNING band — a $5M hack in June 2024 — was suffered by Loopring users when an external attacker compromised Loopring's Official Guardian 2FA server; the page's own summary explicitly frames this as an external attack, not fraud by the entity. No evidence of fraud, Ponzi mechanics, exit scam, or regulatory enforcement action was found across multiple independent searches. The company's subsequent product shutdowns (consumer wallet, DeFi services) and CEO resignation are consistent with a project in a difficult transition pivot to L3 DEX infrastructure, not a fraudulent wind-down. Exchange delistings (Upbit, Bithumb, Binance) were driven by business sustainability and disclosure concerns. Under the post-policy band semantics, a score of 32/WARNING is over-penalized: the entity belongs in CAUTIONARY (50-69) reflecting legitimate operations with material caveats — a real security incident affecting users, significant declining TVL ($8.35M), major exchange delistings, leadership turnover, and an unproven strategic pivot — but none of these constitute evidence of fraud or deception by Loopring itself. A score of 54 is appropriate: comfortably within CAUTIONARY, reflecting the serious operational challenges while correctly not treating a hack-victim incident as fraud.
   anchoranchored

   chain

   ●mainnet-betaslot 426,514,480

   sig

   4zPpmoamknw3…A9vVDMqUcopyexplorer ↗

   hash

   8tzKv7qMEzmC…hAo8WP2Zcopysha256 → base58

   verifying row…full verify ↗

   canonical bytes (2004 B) ▸

   {"actor":"reviewer","decided_at":"2026-06-14T23:15:58.476Z","decision":"review","investigation_id":"15b3c909-e064-48fc-a855-ee546aee8fff","new_score":32,"page_slug":"loopring","prev_score":32,"reason":"Blue-chip calibration review (Prompt A). Verdict: over-penalized. Page content is treated as accurate; the trust_score band is miscalibrated. Loopring is a legitimate Ethereum Layer-2 zkRollup DEX protocol with real technical infrastructure independently verified by L2Beat ($8.35M TVL, Stage 0 ZK Rollup classification, live as of June 2026). The primary incident driving the WARNING band — a $5M hack in June 2024 — was suffered by Loopring users when an external attacker compromised Loopring's Official Guardian 2FA server; the page's own summary explicitly frames this as an external attack, not fraud by the entity. No evidence of fraud, Ponzi mechanics, exit scam, or regulatory enforcement action was found across multiple independent searches. The company's subsequent product shutdowns (consumer wallet, DeFi services) and CEO resignation are consistent with a project in a difficult transition pivot to L3 DEX infrastructure, not a fraudulent wind-down. Exchange delistings (Upbit, Bithumb, Binance) were driven by business sustainability and disclosure concerns. Under the post-policy band semantics, a score of 32/WARNING is over-penalized: the entity belongs in CAUTIONARY (50-69) reflecting legitimate operations with material caveats — a real security incident affecting users, significant declining TVL ($8.35M), major exchange delistings, leadership turnover, and an unproven strategic pivot — but none of these constitute evidence of fraud or deception by Loopring itself. A score of 54 is appropriate: comfortably within CAUTIONARY, reflecting the serious operational challenges while correctly not treating a hack-victim incident as fraud.","score_delta":0,"sequence_num":2,"submission_content_hash":null,"submission_id":null,"submission_kind":null,"submission_valence":null,"v":1}

   Verify offline (run on your own machine)

   python -m src.verify_decision f9a1f29f-0d5e-4e3b-bf5a-e8a0cb16a02ccopy
3. #3review approveby judgejudge

   2026-06-14 23:15:58Z
   Score: 32 → 54 (+22)
   All six claim findings are supported with 0% disputed content — the page accurately describes Loopring as a legitimate Ethereum Layer-2 zkRollup protocol that suffered a $5M external hack in June 2024 (claim_findings[0]), with no evidence of fraud, Ponzi mechanics, or regulatory enforcement found across independent searches (claim_findings[1]). L2Beat independently confirms Loopring is a live Stage 0 ZK Rollup with real infrastructure (claim_findings[2]), and exchange delistings were driven by business viability concerns rather than fraud findings (claim_findings[3]). The current score of 32 (WARNING band) is miscalibrated: the primary incident is clearly an attack suffered by the entity, not fraud committed by it, and the subsequent operational wind-downs represent an orderly pivot rather than an exit scam (claim_findings[4,5]). A positive score adjustment of +22 to reach 54 (CAUTIONARY) correctly reflects the real material caveats — a genuine security incident, significant TVL decline, major exchange delistings, and leadership turnover — while removing the unwarranted fraud-level penalty.
   anchoranchored

   chain

   ●mainnet-betaslot 426,514,482

   sig

   3vdPWem8oDvE…i1wLzTzQcopyexplorer ↗

   hash

   HVuMQi6hsWf7…925KGgfFcopysha256 → base58

   verifying row…full verify ↗

   canonical bytes (1457 B) ▸

   {"actor":"judge","decided_at":"2026-06-14T23:15:58.476Z","decision":"review_approve","investigation_id":"15b3c909-e064-48fc-a855-ee546aee8fff","new_score":54,"page_slug":"loopring","prev_score":32,"reason":"All six claim findings are supported with 0% disputed content — the page accurately describes Loopring as a legitimate Ethereum Layer-2 zkRollup protocol that suffered a $5M external hack in June 2024 (claim_findings[0]), with no evidence of fraud, Ponzi mechanics, or regulatory enforcement found across independent searches (claim_findings[1]). L2Beat independently confirms Loopring is a live Stage 0 ZK Rollup with real infrastructure (claim_findings[2]), and exchange delistings were driven by business viability concerns rather than fraud findings (claim_findings[3]). The current score of 32 (WARNING band) is miscalibrated: the primary incident is clearly an attack suffered by the entity, not fraud committed by it, and the subsequent operational wind-downs represent an orderly pivot rather than an exit scam (claim_findings[4,5]). A positive score adjustment of +22 to reach 54 (CAUTIONARY) correctly reflects the real material caveats — a genuine security incident, significant TVL decline, major exchange delistings, and leadership turnover — while removing the unwarranted fraud-level penalty.","score_delta":22,"sequence_num":3,"submission_content_hash":null,"submission_id":null,"submission_kind":null,"submission_valence":null,"v":1}

   Verify offline (run on your own machine)

   python -m src.verify_decision 7ab5e69f-d63e-424c-8754-549d1bc90daacopy
4. #4reviewby reviewerreviewer

   2026-10-17 00:22:38Z
   Score: 54 → 54 (no score change)
   The page's core narrative — the June 2024 Official Guardian/2FA compromise, the ~$5M/58-wallet drain, the subsequent wind-down of the smart wallet and DeFi products, Steve Guo's August 2025 resignation, and the 2026 Upbit/Bithumb/Binance delistings — is well supported by the cited sources and corroborating independent reporting. Two factual errors were found and recur in parallel timeline entries: the Binance Monitoring Tag date (page says March 7, 2026; Binance's own announcement and secondary reporting say March 6, 2026) and LRC's all-time-high price (page says $3.83; current CoinGecko, DefiLlama and CoinCheckup all show $3.75-$3.77). One statistic (a 252% volume surge) could not be verified in any of the three sources cited for it. One cited URL (mexc.com/news/703876) appears dead per the page's own archive metadata. The biggest gap is that the page's data appears to predate Loopring's complete DEX/AMM shutdown in June 2026, so its framing of a 'Layer-3 pivot' as the project's current direction is now stale.
   anchoranchored

   chain

   ●mainnet-betaslot 457,835,608

   sig

   3rrq7nMviCzi…PofxfT8dcopyexplorer ↗

   hash

   GA16P9qgsDUy…82EESixucopysha256 → base58

   verifying row…full verify ↗

   canonical bytes (1620 B) ▸

   {"actor":"reviewer","artifact_identity":"e992349d8ea942b153c7a48e372daa86","decided_at":"2026-10-17T00:22:38.215Z","decision":"review","disputed_pct":0.2083,"findings_hash":"2n8bpy2AoEcQ8CwMXU8hGybphkSQMswvNwrCR96dJaxh","investigation_id":"15b3c909-e064-48fc-a855-ee546aee8fff","mode":"findings_only","new_score":54,"page_content_hash":"d0f9e5fc7535e8ed54d72a5ffebdd3e5aa5ec155b69085467c831296c63f237b","page_slug":"loopring","prev_score":54,"reason":"The page's core narrative — the June 2024 Official Guardian/2FA compromise, the ~$5M/58-wallet drain, the subsequent wind-down of the smart wallet and DeFi products, Steve Guo's August 2025 resignation, and the 2026 Upbit/Bithumb/Binance delistings — is well supported by the cited sources and corroborating independent reporting. Two factual errors were found and recur in parallel timeline entries: the Binance Monitoring Tag date (page says March 7, 2026; Binance's own announcement and secondary reporting say March 6, 2026) and LRC's all-time-high price (page says $3.83; current CoinGecko, DefiLlama and CoinCheckup all show $3.75-$3.77). One statistic (a 252% volume surge) could not be verified in any of the three sources cited for it. One cited URL (mexc.com/news/703876) appears dead per the page's own archive metadata. The biggest gap is that the page's data appears to predate Loopring's complete DEX/AMM shutdown in June 2026, so its framing of a 'Layer-3 pivot' as the project's current direction is now stale.","score_delta":0,"sequence_num":4,"submission_content_hash":null,"submission_id":null,"submission_kind":null,"submission_valence":null,"v":1}

   Verify offline (run on your own machine)

   python -m src.verify_decision a06b2308-27cc-4da8-80e2-09ea4565370fcopy