Audit log

Every state-changing event for Aquifer AMM: moderation decisions on community submissions, plus corrections and updates from the news pipeline. URL-based decisions are designed to carry three independent witnesses — the original source, an Internet Archive snapshot, and a Solana memo signed by our publicly-disclosed publisher key. Archive coverage is still being backfilled, so each decision below reports its own snapshot status rather than assuming one exists.

1. #1publishby system:backfill

   2026-09-16 23:26:25Z
   Score: ? → ? (no score change)
   anchoranchored

   chain

   ●mainnet-betaslot 447,647,160

   sig

   5F6wiEqhBgg8…k8H5Mhk7copyexplorer ↗

   hash

   DgqnSXuoC9Mm…b4G5ndWCcopysha256 → base58

   verifying row…full verify ↗

   canonical bytes (11003 B) ▸

   {"actor":"system:backfill","investigation_id":"08cd862e-8f35-46e7-b1ce-3a7c78538fc9","kind":"publish","page_slug":"aquifer-amm","published_at":"2026-09-16T23:26:25.683Z","sequence_num":1,"snapshot":{"content_type":"investigation","entity_name":"Aquifer AMM","sections":[{"content":"Aquifer operates as a proprietary automated market maker (prop AMM) on Solana with a focus on stablecoin swaps. It is described as the second known prop AMM for stablecoin swaps on Solana, following a prior protocol called Obric. Prior to the August 2026 security incident, Aquifer reportedly handled approximately 30% of stablecoin swap volume routed through the Jupiter aggregator, according to on-chain observer Sharples on X. DefiLlama data cited in reporting placed Aquifer's total value locked at approximately $2.8 million before the exploit. The protocol's team and founders have not been publicly identified in available sources.","heading":"Protocol Overview","severity":"low","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"Sharples on X — Aquifer stablecoin swap volume observation","type":"social_media","url":"https://x.com/0xSharples/status/1973029282000892055"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Solana AMM Aquifer hit by $2.5 million exploit, offers 20% bounty — crypto.news","type":"news_article","url":"https://crypto.news/solana-amm-aquifer-hit-by-2-5-million-exploit-offers-20-bounty/"}]},{"content":"On August 31, 2026, blockchain security monitoring service Defimon reported that attacker-controlled wallets drained approximately $2.5 million from Aquifer across both Solana and Ethereum. The known attacker addresses are: Solana — 7fTe9pvrwXJRBHq9MaSyVPR4PgEuhqLiA93Dxf4gRk7J; Ethereum — 0x2Dfe9e969796e2797278b02761dd9Ad6aE922746. Aquifer characterized the incident as a wallet compromise rather than a smart contract exploit. The exact attack vector — whether involving private key theft, administrative credential leakage, or another form of operational infrastructure exposure — has not been publicly disclosed as of the time of this investigation. Available reporting has not established that Aquifer's smart contracts were directly exploited. The cross-chain involvement on both Solana and Ethereum is consistent with attacker fund movement and asset diversification following initial access, though the initial compromise point remains unclear.","heading":"August 31, 2026 Security Incident","severity":"critical","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Solana AMM Aquifer hit by $2.5 million exploit, offers 20% bounty — crypto.news","type":"news_article","url":"https://crypto.news/solana-amm-aquifer-hit-by-2-5-million-exploit-offers-20-bounty/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Aquifer Exploit Drains $2.5M as August Hacks Hit 50 — shattered.io","type":"news_article","url":"https://shattered.io/aquifer-solana-exploit-white-hat-bounty-2026/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Aquifer Loses $2.5M in Solana Wallet Compromise — Phemex News","type":"news_article","url":"https://phemex.com/news/article/solana-amm-aquifer-suffers-25-million-exploit-after-wallet-compromise-95161"}]},{"content":"Following the incident, Aquifer's Solana upgrade authority published a cryptographically signed on-chain white-hat message offering the attacker the right to retain up to 20% of the stolen assets as a bounty, contingent on returning at least 80% of funds by September 3, 2026 at 14:00 UTC to designated recovery addresses on Solana and Ethereum. Aquifer committed not to pursue civil claims against the attacker if the terms were met, with explicit carve-outs preserving law enforcement and regulatory referral rights. As of September 4, 2026 — the earliest post-deadline reporting available — no public source had confirmed that any funds were returned to the designated recovery addresses. The September 3 deadline passed without a reported resolution. No subsequent public update from the Aquifer team confirming recovery has been identified in available sources.","heading":"White-Hat Bounty Offer and Outcome","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Solana AMM Aquifer hit by $2.5 million exploit, offers 20% bounty — crypto.news","type":"news_article","url":"https://crypto.news/solana-amm-aquifer-hit-by-2-5-million-exploit-offers-20-bounty/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Aquifer Exploit Drains $2.5M as August Hacks Hit 50 — shattered.io","type":"news_article","url":"https://shattered.io/aquifer-solana-exploit-white-hat-bounty-2026/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Aquifer Exploit Drains $2.5M From Solana (SOL) Ecosystem AMM — COINOTAG","type":"news_article","url":"https://en.coinotag.com/aquifer-exploit-drains-2-5m-solana-sol-ecosystem-amm"}]},{"content":"As of mid-September 2026, Aquifer has not published a technical post-mortem explaining how the wallet compromise occurred. The attack vector remains undisclosed. There is no public accounting of what security controls were in place, whether multi-signature or hardware security modules were used to protect administrative keys, or how attacker-controlled wallets obtained authorization to move protocol-held assets. The absence of a post-mortem is notable given that the incident drained nearly the entirety of the protocol's reported TVL of approximately $2.8 million. Aquifer's team and founders have not been publicly identified in available reporting, which limits the accountability and ongoing transparency assessment of the protocol.","heading":"Transparency and Post-Mortem Disclosure","severity":"high","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Solana AMM Aquifer hit by $2.5 million exploit, offers 20% bounty — crypto.news","type":"news_article","url":"https://crypto.news/solana-amm-aquifer-hit-by-2-5-million-exploit-offers-20-bounty/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Aquifer Exploit Drains $2.5M as August Hacks Hit 50 — shattered.io","type":"news_article","url":"https://shattered.io/aquifer-solana-exploit-white-hat-bounty-2026/"}]},{"content":"The Aquifer incident occurred during what reporting described as a record month for DeFi hacking activity. According to shattered.io, August 2026 recorded 50 major crypto hack incidents — a 67% increase from July 2026's 30 incidents. Total losses across August 2026 were reported at approximately $136.3 million, down roughly 49.5% from July's approximately $270 million, reflecting a higher frequency but lower average severity per incident. Aquifer's $2.5 million loss represented approximately 1.8% of August's total reported losses and was close to the month's reported average incident size of approximately $2.7 million. The largest single incident in August 2026 was a $74 million breach at TectonicFi. Other notable incidents during the same period included a governance takeover at Term Labs, a price oracle flaw at Moonwell, and a forged cross-chain message at Allbridge.","heading":"Broader Context: August 2026 DeFi Hack Environment","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Aquifer Exploit Drains $2.5M as August Hacks Hit 50 — shattered.io","type":"news_article","url":"https://shattered.io/aquifer-solana-exploit-white-hat-bounty-2026/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Crypto Hacks Hit Record 50 in August 2026: Losses Fall — shattered.io","type":"news_article","url":"https://shattered.io/crypto-hacks-record-50-august-2026/"}]}],"sources_used":[{"credibility":2,"name":"Solana AMM Aquifer hit by $2.5 million exploit, offers 20% bounty — crypto.news","type":"news_article","url":"https://crypto.news/solana-amm-aquifer-hit-by-2-5-million-exploit-offers-20-bounty/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Aquifer Exploit Drains $2.5M as August Hacks Hit 50 — shattered.io","type":"news_article","url":"https://shattered.io/aquifer-solana-exploit-white-hat-bounty-2026/"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Aquifer Exploit Drains $2.5M From Solana (SOL) Ecosystem AMM — COINOTAG","type":"news_article","url":"https://en.coinotag.com/aquifer-exploit-drains-2-5m-solana-sol-ecosystem-amm"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Aquifer Loses $2.5M in Solana Wallet Compromise — Phemex News","type":"news_article","url":"https://phemex.com/news/article/solana-amm-aquifer-suffers-25-million-exploit-after-wallet-compromise-95161"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Crypto Hacks Hit Record 50 in August 2026: Losses Fall — shattered.io","type":"news_article","url":"https://shattered.io/crypto-hacks-record-50-august-2026/"},{"credibility":3,"name":"Sharples on X — Aquifer stablecoin swap volume observation","type":"social_media","url":"https://x.com/0xSharples/status/1973029282000892055"},{"credibility":2,"name":"Aquifer TVL — DefiLlama","type":"research","url":"https://defillama.com/protocol/aquifer"}],"summary":"Aquifer is a proprietary automated market maker (AMM) on Solana focused on stablecoin swaps, which had accumulated approximately $2.8 million in total value locked prior to a security incident on August 31, 2026. Attacker-controlled wallets on both Solana and Ethereum drained approximately $2.5 million from the protocol in what Aquifer attributed to a wallet compromise rather than a smart contract vulnerability. A 20% white-hat bounty offer with a September 3, 2026 deadline passed without any publicly confirmed return of funds, and no technical post-mortem has been released.","timeline":[{"date":"2026-08-31","event":"Attacker-controlled wallets on Solana and Ethereum drained approximately $2.5 million from the Aquifer AMM protocol. Blockchain security monitoring service Defimon reported the attack. Aquifer attributed the incident to a wallet compromise rather than a smart contract exploit.","source":"crypto.news","source_url":"https://crypto.news/solana-amm-aquifer-hit-by-2-5-million-exploit-offers-20-bounty/"},{"date":"2026-08-31","event":"Aquifer's Solana upgrade authority published a cryptographically signed on-chain white-hat message offering the attacker a 20% bounty in exchange for returning at least 80% of stolen funds by September 3, 2026 at 14:00 UTC. Separate Solana and Ethereum recovery addresses were supplied. Aquifer committed not to pursue civil claims if terms were met.","source":"crypto.news","source_url":"https://crypto.news/solana-amm-aquifer-hit-by-2-5-million-exploit-offers-20-bounty/"},{"date":"2026-09-01","event":"Multiple crypto news outlets including crypto.news, Phemex News, and COINOTAG published coverage of the Aquifer exploit and bounty offer.","source":"Phemex News","source_url":"https://phemex.com/news/article/solana-amm-aquifer-suffers-25-million-exploit-after-wallet-compromise-95161"},{"date":"2026-09-03","event":"White-hat bounty deadline of 14:00 UTC passed. No public confirmation of fund return was reported.","source":"shattered.io","source_url":"https://shattered.io/aquifer-solana-exploit-white-hat-bounty-2026/"},{"date":"2026-09-04","event":"Post-deadline reporting confirmed no public source had verified that stolen funds were returned to the designated recovery addresses. No technical post-mortem published by Aquifer.","source":"shattered.io","source_url":"https://shattered.io/aquifer-solana-exploit-white-hat-bounty-2026/"}]},"v":1}

   Verify offline (run on your own machine)

   python -m src.verify_decision 50e25360-4f45-40ab-b6a3-58aa427000afcopy