1inch
Last changed 2026-10-27 · Score recalculated — Rescored under Scoring v2, the published formula (avoid.net/scoring): 62 → 68. Problems weighed by who is responsible: incidents the subject suffered −12.8, concerns that are not fraud −6.4, problems around the subject, caused by others −3.2; legitimacy credit well known and widely used +15, long-running +10; fact-check adjustments (+24) now shown as page reliability, not in the score. Version history →
Why this score
| Every page starts at | 65 |
| Concerns that are not fraud | -6.4 |
| Incidents it suffered (e.g. hacks) | -12.8 |
| Problems around it, caused by others | -3.2 |
| Well known and widely used | +15 |
| Long-running | +10 |
| Sum | 68 |
Score: 68/100 (kept between 0 and 100)
How scoring works →Summary
1inch is a decentralized exchange (DEX) aggregator and liquidity protocol founded in 2019 by Sergej Kunz and Anton Bukov, operating across Ethereum and multiple EVM-compatible chains. The platform has experienced a series of security incidents between late 2024 and mid-2025, including a front-end supply chain attack, a private key compromise, a $5 million Fusion v1 resolver exploit, and a separate $5.87 million attack on a partner resolver — raising questions about operational security and smart contract lifecycle management. Additional concerns include alleged connections between co-founder Anton Bukov and the Russian FSS Academy, governance centralization risks, and sustained token value erosion since the 2021 peak.
Connected Entities
5 entities · 60 linked investigations- Binance→mentioned with→Ethereum(65%)
- 1inch→mentioned with→CoW Swap (CoW Protocol)(80%)
- 1inch→mentioned with→Ethereum(60%)
- 1inch→mentioned with→Binance(75%)
- 1inch→mentioned with→TrustedVolumes(70%)
- CoW Swap (CoW Protocol)→mentioned with→Ethereum(65%)
- TrustedVolumes→mentioned with→Ethereum(70%)
- TrustedVolumes→mentioned with→1inch(70%)
Timeline(9 events)
May 2019
Sergej Kunz and Anton Bukov prototype the 1inch DEX aggregator at the New York ETHGlobal hackathon.
August 2020
1inch protocol launches publicly as a DEX aggregator routing trades across multiple decentralized exchanges.
December 2020
1INCH governance token distributed via retroactive airdrop; one wallet allegedly received tokens then valued at ~$22.7 million according to Molfar Intelligence.
18 September 2024
1inch announces Fusion+, an intent-based cross-chain atomic swap system enabling trustless cross-chain swaps without bridges.
30 October 2024
1inch front-end compromised in Lottie Player supply chain attack; 'Ace Drainer' malicious popups served to users. 1inch Foundation later proposes $768,026 USDC reimbursement.
9 December 2024
Private key of the 1inch Labs Resolver smart contract owner compromised; attacker alters contract settings and transfers funds. 1inch revokes access and announces enhanced security measures.
5 March 2025
Attacker exploits buffer overflow in deprecated Fusion v1 Settlement contract, stealing approximately $5 million (2.4M USDC + 1,276 WETH) from resolvers still using legacy contracts.
6 March 2025
1inch and the affected resolver negotiate with the attacker on-chain; majority of stolen funds returned by ~4:12 AM, with attacker retaining ~$450,000 as a bug bounty (~10%).
7 May 2025
TrustedVolumes, a 1inch resolver and liquidity provider, exploited for approximately $5.87 million via a flaw in its custom RFQ proxy server; attributed to the same attacker as the March 2025 Fusion v1 hack.
Decision Log
- slot 461963971 · hash 22RxsRggVmQz4TJ4gMqA3fYRBntDmLnYtqETkXTcrEJM
- slot 447713232 · hash FboSQgZgDzrE8meZCr98YY8gUJg83ykSgkJnzQnYBXtm
- slot 426514410 · hash H4R8G5sYnHNR5X4PuvHMyHrkuzBLgRXDgjJxvLKPmuVp
- slot 426514404 · hash 9ghn8LCPfX4ShNEwyrku7d2dSq4MaP3UEPsocSmiucdk
- slot 422548218 · hash GRPtGV9oZnDtxvfCLRT4JVcbHxyHxvqzVqHQHrtZFP1e
This investigation is cryptographically anchored to the Solana blockchain (5 decisions). 32 of 36 cited source URLs have an Internet Archive snapshot.
model: claude-sonnet-4-6
generated: 5/4/2026, 2:54:28 AM
last updated: 10/27/2026, 6:04:20 AM
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