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{"actor":"system:backfill","investigation_id":"b898e558-bce0-4bbb-953a-4d637da58eea","kind":"publish","page_slug":"avraham-eisenberg","published_at":"2026-05-30T18:29:13.125Z","sequence_num":1,"snapshot":{"content_type":"investigation","entity_name":"Avraham Eisenberg","sections":[{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8647-23","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023-13","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/12/27/mango-markets-exploiter-eisenberg-arrested-in-puerto-rico","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/mango-markets-exploiter-said-actions-were-legal-but-was-it","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://unchainedcrypto.com/mango-markets-exploiter-returns-67m-after-revealing-his-identity/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/mango-markets-sues-avraham-eisenberg-for-47m-in-damages-plus-interest","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://coinmarketcap.com/academy/article/alleged-mango-markets-exploiter-fights-to-keep-dollar47m-'bug-bounty'","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://mcmillan.ca/insights/part-2-of-mcmillan-series-defi-platform-mango-loses-117-million-in-smart-contract-exploit-is-mangos-settlement-with-the-exploiter-enforceable-and-what-does-it-mean-for-daos/","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/mango-markets-hacker-allegedly-feigns-curve-short-attack-to-exploit-aave/amp","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://blockworks.co/news/aave-curve-bad-debt","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://blockworks.co/news/curve-stablecoin-crv-loan","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://cryptobriefing.com/curve-whipsaws-75-as-defi-degens-squeeze-avraham-eisenberg/","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/12/27/mango-markets-exploiter-eisenberg-arrested-in-puerto-rico","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8647-23","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023-13","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25623","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/04/18/new-york-jury-convicts-man-in-cryptocurrency-market-manipulation.html","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/man-convicted-110m-cryptocurrency-scheme","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/breaking-federal-judge-overturns-all-criminal-convictions-in-mango-markets-case-against-avraham-eisenberg","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.theblock.co/post/355666/u-s-judge-overturns-fraud-convictions-of-mango-markets-exploiter-eisenberg-determining-improper-venue","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://nysd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2025-05/23cr10%20Opinion%20and%20Order.pdf","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/prosecutors-appeal-acquittal-of-mango-markets-exploiter/","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/05/01/mango-markets-exploiter-avi-eisenberg-sentenced-to-4-years-in-prison-for-child-porn","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.dlnews.com/articles/regulation/avi-eisenberg-gets-4-year-sentence-but-not-for-mango-exploit/","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.theblock.co/post/352835/mango-markets-exploiter-avraham-eisenberg-sentenced-to-four-years-inner-city-press","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/68478600/united-states-v-eisenberg/","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8647-23","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023-13","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/breaking-federal-judge-overturns-all-criminal-convictions-in-mango-markets-case-against-avraham-eisenberg","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/mango-markets-sues-avraham-eisenberg-for-47m-in-damages-plus-interest","type":"other","url":""}]},{"content":"","heading":"","severity":"medium","sources":[{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/04/18/new-york-jury-convicts-man-in-cryptocurrency-market-manipulation.html","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/breaking-federal-judge-overturns-all-criminal-convictions-in-mango-markets-case-against-avraham-eisenberg","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.weirfoulds.com/rule-of-law-1-code-is-law-0-eisenberg-convicted-in-mango-markets-criminal-trial-after-he-shies-away-from-testifying","type":"other","url":""},{"credibility":3,"name":"https://www.akingump.com/en/insights/alerts/a-fractured-framework-regulatory-actions-against-mango-token-trader-highlight-complexities-of-crypto-enforcement","type":"other","url":""}]}],"sources_used":[],"summary":"Avraham Eisenberg, also known as 'Avi Eisenberg,' is a crypto trader who in October 2022 executed an oracle manipulation attack against Mango Markets, a Solana-based DeFi protocol, extracting approximately $110–117 million in digital assets. He publicly claimed the scheme was a 'highly profitable trading strategy' and a legal use of the protocol, returned approximately $67 million after a DAO-mediated settlement, and was subsequently charged by the DOJ, SEC, and CFTC. A federal jury convicted him in April 2024, but a federal judge vacated all criminal convictions in May 2025 on grounds of improper venue and insufficient evidence of material misrepresentation; prosecutors have appealed. Eisenberg is currently serving a separate 52-month federal prison sentence for possession of child sexual abuse material.","timeline":[{"date":"2022-10-11","event":"Eisenberg executes oracle manipulation attack on Mango Markets, draining approximately $110–117 million in digital assets by artificially inflating the MNGO token price by over 1,300% to use as collateral.","source":""},{"date":"2022-10-12","event":"Eisenberg publicly identifies himself on Twitter, describing his scheme as a 'highly profitable trading strategy' and asserting his actions were legal uses of the protocol.","source":""},{"date":"2022-10-15","event":"Mango DAO votes approximately 98% in favor of a settlement allowing Eisenberg to retain ~$47 million as a 'bug bounty' in exchange for returning the remainder and the DAO agreeing not to pursue criminal charges.","source":""},{"date":"2022-10-16","event":"Eisenberg transfers approximately $67 million in digital assets back to Mango Markets to recapitalize the protocol.","source":""},{"date":"2022-11-13","event":"On-chain analysts link the wallet 'ponzishorter.eth' to Eisenberg, alleging an attempted manipulation of Aave using CRV tokens via a large short position of approximately 92 million CRV.","source":""},{"date":"2022-11-22","event":"Eisenberg's alleged CRV short position on Aave is liquidated after the DeFi community rallies to pump CRV by over 40%; Aave sustains approximately $1.6–1.7 million in bad debt.","source":""},{"date":"2022-12-26","event":"FBI arrests Eisenberg in San Juan, Puerto Rico.","source":""},{"date":"2022-12-27","event":"Criminal complaint unsealed in SDNY charging Eisenberg with commodities fraud and commodities manipulation.","source":""},{"date":"2023-01-09","event":"CFTC files civil enforcement action against Eisenberg, the CFTC's first enforcement action for oracle manipulation on a decentralized exchange.","source":""},{"date":"2023-01-20","event":"SEC files civil charges against Eisenberg for manipulating the MNGO token, which the SEC characterizes as a security.","source":""},{"date":"2024-04-18","event":"Federal jury in SDNY convicts Eisenberg on three counts: commodities fraud, commodities market manipulation, and wire fraud, in what is reported as the first criminal conviction for DeFi market manipulation.","source":""},{"date":"2025-05-01","event":"Eisenberg sentenced to 52 months in federal prison after pleading guilty to possession of child sexual abuse material discovered during the Mango Markets investigation.","source":""},{"date":"2025-05-23","event":"U.S. District Judge Arun Subramanian issues 35-page opinion vacating all three criminal convictions on grounds of improper venue (transactions executed from Puerto Rico, not SDNY) and insufficient evidence of material misrepresentation for wire fraud.","source":""},{"date":"2025-05-24","event":"Government prosecutors announce appeal of the acquittal, arguing the judge applied an overly narrow reading of fraud law and ignored critical evidence.","source":""}]},"v":1}