Light Protocol
Last changed 2026-10-10 · Score recalculated — Rescored under Scoring v2, the published formula (avoid.net/scoring): 61 → 89. Problems weighed by who is responsible: concerns that are not fraud −4.4, problems around the subject, caused by others −2.6; legitimacy credit long-running +8, regulated +5, audits +8; fact-check adjustments (−13) now shown as page reliability, not in the score. Version history →
Why this score
| Every page starts at | 65 |
| Concerns that are not fraud | -4.4 |
| Problems around it, caused by others | -2.6 |
| Long-running | +8 |
| Regulated | +5 |
| Audited | +8 |
| Sum | 79 |
Score: 89/100 (kept between 0 and 100)
How scoring works →Summary
Light Protocol is a Solana-native ZK compression infrastructure layer developed by Luminous Labs Lda, a Portugal-based company co-founded in 2021 by Swen Schäferjohann. The protocol reduces on-chain state storage costs by up to 99% using zero-knowledge proofs and has undergone multiple independent security audits including formal circuit verification. No fraud allegations, regulatory actions, or fund-loss incidents have been identified; primary risk signals are inherent ZK/smart-contract complexity, partially unaudited SDK tooling, and infrastructure scaling concerns raised by Solana node operators.
Connected Entities
5 entities · 60 linked investigations- ZKsync→mentioned with→Ethereum(80%)
- Helius→mentioned with→Solana(80%)
- Solana→mentioned with→Ethereum(60%)
- Light Protocol→mentioned with→Solana(80%)
- Light Protocol→mentioned with→Helius(80%)
- Light Protocol→mentioned with→Ethereum(80%)
- Light Protocol→mentioned with→ZKsync(65%)
Timeline(13 events)
July 2021
Light Protocol founded by Swen Schäferjohann and co-founder 'Joe' with initial focus on ZK privacy for Solana.
Solana Compass — ZK Compression scaling solution explained17 October 2022
$4.2M seed round closed, led by Polychain Capital with Hypersphere, Solana Ventures, Dao5, Asymmetric, Anagram, Ecco Capital, and angel investors including Balaji Srinivasan.
Medium — Swen Schäferjohann seed round announcement2022
Team pivots during bear market from pure privacy focus toward ZK-based state compression as a Solana scaling primitive.
Solana Compass — ZK Compression scaling solution explained21 June 2024
ZK Compression launched on Solana mainnet and devnet in partnership with Helius Labs, introducing 5,000x cost reduction for compressed token accounts.
The Block — Light Protocol and Helius Labs introduce ZK Compression21 June 2024
L2 labeling controversy erupts; Ethereum investor Ryan Berckmans and ZKsync founder Alex Gluchowski publicly challenge ZK Compression's architectural framing as a native L1 primitive.
The Defiant — ZK Compression Ignites Controversy15 August 2024
Neodyme completes Programs audit #2 for ZK Compression v1.
zkcompression.com security page28 August 2024
Zellic completes Programs audit #3 for ZK Compression v1.
zkcompression.com security page12 September 2024
Light Protocol bug bounty program goes live on Immunefi with up to $50,000 maximum bounty for critical vulnerabilities.
Immunefi — Light Protocol Bug BountyOctober 2024
ZK Compression v1 presented at Solana Breakpoint 2024 conference.
Helius blog — ZK Compression Keynote Breakpoint 2024March 2025
OtterSec completes Zerocopy audit; Accretion and HashCloak complete ZK Compression v2 component reviews.
zkcompression.com security pageDecember 2025
Light Token Program announced at Breakpoint 2025. OtterSec and Certora conduct audits of CPI Context Refactor and Light Token extension respectively.
zkcompression.com security page3 March 2026
Certora publishes security assessment of Light Protocol Extension (CToken program), identifying security issues subsequently addressed by the team.
Certora — Security Assessment Light Protocol Extension24 March 2026
Version 0.23.0 released for production use with ZK Compression V2.
GitHub releases — Lightprotocol/light-protocolDecision Log
- slot 455371442 · hash 6FggSBQMANou2Pbw7ZofeWHnVcfbbtDHDQeyzfCeYkTG
- slot 445504232 · hash DCBF1yRLi3Em4eVHzLPWCxynJQ4Co2txZJfbLN7cjd9C
- slot 425201760 · hash BFDRhb1JrqeJ6Rb77ESC2v5JF6KhXqXe1xfX353Y4MZA
- slot 425201757 · hash 2LXhF39d2gDXZkLMJY5dgYN7ZGKxtJWAQVsE7UzTtouy
- slot 424057538 · hash DMF7oNBaVfrxZh69TDyN4mNiKhEcpBGwn59KZHyMMxkg
- slot 424057530 · hash 3VLmKsSaEScjBpW6pn88ihxmWXGxC9zHiZkMg77uxQRv
- slot 423599818 · hash 877qjUT5uoevTvYYkXdKqdbqvmv8kzCNNoNm8qheWJa6
This investigation is cryptographically anchored to the Solana blockchain (7 decisions). 15 of 19 cited source URLs have an Internet Archive snapshot.
model: claude-sonnet-4-6
generated: 6/1/2026, 1:19:59 PM
last updated: 10/10/2026, 6:51:12 PM
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