Defrost Finance
Summary
Defrost Finance was an Avalanche-based CDP (Collateralized Debt Position) DeFi protocol that allowed users to collateralize yield-bearing tokens to mint an H2O USD-pegged stablecoin. In December 2022 the protocol suffered a two-stage exploit resulting in approximately $12 million in losses; multiple blockchain security firms — including CertiK, PeckShield, and De.Fi Security — alleged the attack constituted an insider rug pull enabled by admin key access, a conclusion the team denied. Funds were subsequently returned and a refund contract was deployed in January 2023, but the protocol has since effectively ceased meaningful operations with under $100,000 in TVL, and the MELT governance token has lost nearly all of its value.
Connected Entities
2 entities- + 1 more
Timeline(10 events)
2021-05-17
FinNexus (Phoenix Finance), a DeFi options protocol allegedly operated by the same team, is exploited for approximately $7.6 million via a private key compromise and token minting attack.
2021-09-01
Defrost Finance launches on Avalanche. De.Fi Security later alleged that project deployment was partially funded by proceeds from the 2021 FinNexus exploit.
2022-02-01
Defrost Finance TVL peaks at approximately $95 million.
2022-12-23
First attack: Flash loan exploit on Defrost V2 drains approximately $173,000 by exploiting a reentrancy vulnerability in the flashloan/deposit functions.
2022-12-24
Second attack: Defrost V1 is exploited via admin owner key access; attacker inserts a fake collateral token and malicious price oracle, mints 100 million H2O, and liquidates user positions. Total losses reach approximately $12 million.
2022-12-25
CoinDesk and PeckShield report on the exploit. PeckShield states the attack 'may have been a rug pull.' Defrost TVL drops from $13 million to under $93,000.
2022-12-26
CertiK publicly labels Defrost Finance an 'exit scam,' citing inability to contact team members. Defrost Finance announces funds from V1 attack have been returned.
2022-12-28
Defrost Finance team breaks silence with a statement denying rug pull allegations, characterizing the event as an external private key compromise.
2022-12-30
De.Fi Security publishes on-chain analysis alleging the multisig wallet creator is the same address that initiated the malicious oracle replacement, and connecting Defrost team to the 2021 FinNexus exploit.
2023-01-11
Defrost Finance deploys refund smart contract. Affected V1 vault depositors and H2O holders become eligible to claim stablecoin reimbursements based on pre-exploit positions.
Decision Log
- hash: EsNHMBDrZnCPXjnfurpPQ7bsoxjGhe4LdvU3SSjCbWxN
This investigation is cryptographically anchored to the Solana blockchain and source URLs are archived via the Internet Archive.
model: claude-sonnet-4-6
generated: 5/4/2026, 2:54:45 AM
last updated: 5/28/2026, 4:22:21 PM
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