{"investigation":{"slug":"ton-blockchain","entity_name":"TON Blockchain","trust_score":44,"severity_base":null,"score_modifier":0,"confidence":0.74,"status":"draft","content_type":"investigation","summary":"TON (The Open Network) is a public layer-1 blockchain originally developed by Telegram and now deeply integrated with the Telegram messaging app under Pavel Durov's direction. It is a live, widely used network with legitimate exchanges, DeFi protocols, and hundreds of millions of Telegram Mini App users, but it has also become a recurring venue for phishing drainers, pyramid schemes, rug pulls, malware command-and-control infrastructure, and illicit Telegram-based marketplaces, in part because analytics and forensic tooling for TON lagged behind more established chains. Separately, Telegram co-founder Pavel Durov faces an unresolved criminal investigation in France opened in 2024 and, since July 2026, an in-absentia terrorism-related charge in Russia; neither has resulted in a conviction.","sections":[{"content":"Telegram Group Inc. and its subsidiary TON Issuer Inc. began raising capital in January 2018 to finance development of a blockchain then called the Telegram Open Network (TON) and an associated digital token called Gram. The offering, conducted through private sales to 171 initial purchasers worldwide, raised more than $1.7 billion, including over $424 million from 39 U.S. purchasers. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission alleged this was an unregistered securities offering in violation of the Securities Act of 1933. On October 11, 2019, the SEC filed an emergency action in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and obtained a temporary restraining order blocking distribution of Grams. On March 24, 2020, Judge P. Kevin Castel granted the SEC a preliminary injunction, finding the agency had shown a substantial likelihood of success in proving Telegram's Gram sales violated federal securities law. Telegram subsequently abandoned the TON project rather than continue litigating. On June 26, 2020, the SEC announced a settlement in which Telegram agreed to return more than $1.2 billion to investors and pay an $18.5 million civil penalty, without admitting or denying the SEC's findings. Development of the network was later taken up independently by open-source contributors, who relaunched it as 'The Open Network' (retaining the TON acronym) separate from Telegram's corporate structure — a separation that has since been substantially reversed (see Recentralization Risk, below).","heading":"Background and SEC Enforcement Action (2018–2020)","sources":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2019-212","name":"SEC Halts Alleged $1.7 Billion Unregistered Digital Token Offering","type":"regulatory","credibility":1},{"url":"https://natlawreview.com/article/sec-v-telegram-groundbreaking-decision-cryptocurrency-enforcement","name":"SEC v. Telegram: A Groundbreaking Decision in Cryptocurrency Enforcement (National Law Review)","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020-146","name":"Telegram to Return $1.2 Billion to Investors and Pay $18.5 Million Penalty to Settle SEC Charges","type":"regulatory","credibility":1},{"url":"https://www.wilmerhale.com/en/insights/client-alerts/20200406-court-sides-with-sec-in-blocking-distribution-of-telegrams-grams","name":"Court Sides with SEC in Blocking Distribution of Telegram's Grams","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"On May 4, 2026, Pavel Durov announced that Telegram would replace the community-run TON Foundation as the primary operator of TON and become the network's largest validator, under a roadmap referred to as MTONGA. This reversed the arm's-length separation between Telegram the company and TON the network that had existed since the SEC forced Telegram to exit the project in 2020, and it re-concentrated influence over a nominally decentralized layer-1 blockchain in a single corporate entity led by an individual currently under criminal investigation in France and, since July 2026, wanted on an in-absentia charge in Russia. The announcement coincided with a sharp price rally: Toncoin traded between roughly $1.30 in late April 2026 and $2.39–$2.89 by late May 2026 following the news. Analysts have framed the move as strengthening TON's product integration with Telegram's approximately 950 million users, but it also raises governance-concentration concerns for a chain marketed as decentralized, since a single company now controls both the dominant messaging distribution channel and the largest validator stake.","heading":"Recentralization Risk: Telegram Reasserts Control (May 2026)","sources":[{"url":"https://crypto.news/telegram-takes-back-ton-inside-the-2026-takeover/","name":"Telegram takes back TON: Inside the 2026 takeover","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://crypto.news/ton-price-prediction-2026-2030-the-telegram-takeover/","name":"TON price prediction 2026-2030: the Telegram takeover","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://yellow.com/research/telegram-blockchain-toncoin-ton-network-growth-2026","name":"Telegram's Blockchain Bet Is Becoming Too Big For Crypto To Ignore","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"On August 24, 2024, Telegram co-founder and CEO Pavel Durov was arrested at Paris–Le Bourget Airport after arriving from Azerbaijan. On August 28, 2024, French prosecutors placed Durov under formal judicial investigation (mise en examen) on twelve counts, including alleged complicity in administering an online platform to facilitate illicit transactions by an organized group, and complicity in offenses including distribution of child sexual abuse material, drug trafficking, organized fraud, and provision of cryptographic services without required certification. He was released on bail of 5 million euros, barred from leaving France, and required to report to police twice weekly. These are allegations under French judicial investigation, not a criminal conviction; no trial date or verdict had been reported as of this writing. Restrictions were eased progressively: an investigating judge permitted a temporary departure from France in March 2025, travel conditions were further loosened in July 2025, and on November 13, 2025, France fully lifted the travel ban after what reporting described as a year of compliance with judicial supervision. The underlying investigation, which centers on allegations that Telegram failed to cooperate with lawful law-enforcement requests and permitted illegal content and transactions on the platform, remained open and unresolved as of 2026. Separately, in July 2026, Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) announced an in-absentia charge against Durov of complicity in facilitating terrorist activity, tied to allegations that Telegram failed to remove channels used by groups Russia characterizes as terrorist or extremist, and placed him on an international wanted list; Telegram publicly dismissed the Russian charge. Neither the French investigation nor the Russian charge has produced a conviction of Durov.","heading":"Pavel Durov Arrest and Criminal Charges in France (2024–Present)","sources":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_and_indictment_of_Pavel_Durov","name":"Arrest and indictment of Pavel Durov (Wikipedia, citing contemporaneous reporting)","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.npr.org/2024/08/29/nx-s1-5093191/french-authorities-indict-telegram-founder-pavel-durov-on-multiple-charges","name":"French authorities indict Telegram founder Pavel Durov on multiple charges","type":"news_article","credibility":1},{"url":"https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20240829-telegram-chief-durov-freed-on-bail-after-being-formally-charged-over-crime-on-messaging-app","name":"Telegram chief Durov released on €5 million bail, forbidden to leave France","type":"news_article","credibility":1},{"url":"https://beincrypto.com/france-lifts-telegram-durov-travel-ban/","name":"France Lifts Travel Ban on Telegram Founder Pavel Durov","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/07/29/russia-charges-telegram-founder-pavel-durov-with-aiding-terrorism","name":"Russia charges Telegram founder Pavel Durov with aiding terrorism","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2026/07/29/fsb-issues-arrest-warrant-for-pavel-durov-for-aiding-terrorism-a93364","name":"FSB Issues Arrest Warrant for Pavel Durov for Aiding Terrorism","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"Security researchers reported that as anti-phishing defenses on Ethereum improved, wallet-draining operations increasingly shifted attention to TON, whose wallets and tooling were described as lacking the advanced security protections common on older chains. Reported tactics on TON include fraudulent Telegram Mini App clones of popular tap-to-earn games, phishing bots impersonating official TON services such as the Fragment username marketplace, and use of TON's on-chain comment field to trick victims into signing token-draining transactions; one such scheme was reported to have netted a single operator at least 22,000 TON (roughly $152,000) via a fake 5,000-USDT promotion. Industry-wide, wallet drainers across all chains were estimated to have stolen close to $494 million in 2024, a reported 67% year-over-year increase, according to blockchain security researchers; TON-specific losses are a subset of this total and are not separately quantified in available reporting, so the TON-specific dollar impact should be treated as an unverified, low-confidence figure pending chain-specific breakdowns.","heading":"Phishing Campaigns and Wallet Drainer Activity (2024–2025)","sources":[{"url":"https://cointelegraph.com/magazine/ethereum-phishing-drainers-ton-bitcoin/","name":"As Ethereum phishing gets harder, drainers move to TON and Bitcoin","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/cryptocurrency-wallet-drainers-stole-494-million-in-2024/","name":"Cryptocurrency wallet drainers stole $494 million in 2024","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://airdropalert.com/blogs/ton-wallet-drainers/","name":"The Rise of Ton Wallet Drainers: An Emerging Threat","type":"community_report","credibility":3}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"In late August 2024, the operators behind the 'Angel Drainer' phishing-as-a-service toolkit released an upgraded version called AngelX. Blockchain security firm Blockaid reported detecting an early test version on August 29, 2024, and the public launch occurred on August 31, 2024; within four days the toolkit had been used to deploy more than 300 malicious decentralized applications. AngelX's operators advertised, via their Telegram channel, 'support for draining users on new, previously unsupported chains — including TON and TRON,' explicitly citing these newer networks' comparatively immature security tooling as an attraction for attackers. The toolkit also added a new command-and-control dashboard and improved evasion of security-vendor detection. This represents a specific, named instance of the broader drainer-migration trend described above, rather than a separate phenomenon.","heading":"AngelX Drainer Toolkit Targeting TON (September 2024)","sources":[{"url":"https://www.blockaid.io/blog/threat-report-angelx","name":"Threat Report: AngelX (Blockaid)","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://invezz.com/news/2024/09/05/angelx-wallet-drainer-targets-vulnerable-ton-and-tron-blockchains/","name":"AngelX wallet drainer targets vulnerable TON and Tron blockchains","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.cryptometer.io/news/angel-drainer-returns-deploying-300-malicious-dapps-in-4-days/","name":"Angel Drainer Returns Deploying 300+ Malicious dApps in 4 Days","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"Cybersecurity firm Kaspersky documented a Toncoin-denominated pyramid scheme operating on Telegram that it said had been active since November 2023. Victims were directed to an unofficial Telegram bot marketed as a cryptocurrency storage tool, linked their legitimate TON wallets to it, and were induced to purchase 'boosts' — named tiers such as 'bicycle,' 'car,' 'train,' 'plane,' or 'rocket,' priced between 5 and 500 TON — under promises of returns funded by recruiting additional participants via referral links. Kaspersky reported that participants formed private Telegram groups to recruit friends and contacts, following video instructions distributed in Russian and English, and that individual losses ranged from roughly $2 to $2,700. Kaspersky characterized the scheme's structure as a classic pyramid, dependent on continuous new recruitment rather than any underlying investment activity.","heading":"Pyramid Scheme and Referral Bot Fraud (Kaspersky Investigation, 2023–2024)","sources":[{"url":"https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/toncoin-cryptocurrency-scam/51042/","name":"Cryptocurrency fraud with Toncoin on Telegram (Kaspersky official blog)","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/telegram-exploited-toncoin-scam/","name":"Fraudsters Exploit Telegram's Popularity For Toncoin Scam","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"Blockchain security researchers at Dilation Effect reported that malicious actors deployed a counterfeit USDT smart contract on TON engineered to mimic the metadata of Tether's official token, then used it to spam large volumes of fraudulent 'deposit' transactions at addresses associated with major exchanges including Binance, Bybit, MEXC, and Gate.io. Because the fake token displays as USDT in some wallet interfaces despite having no redeemable value, the scheme is designed to exploit user trust in exchange-labeled addresses and transaction histories; a related variant involves scammers directing victims to send genuine USDT to attacker-controlled addresses disguised with exchange-like domain names (e.g., resembling 'bybit_usdt.ton'), sometimes returning a small profit on an initial small transfer to build trust before disappearing with a larger sum. Security guidance from wallet providers and researchers recommends verifying token contract addresses against Tether's official published contracts and confirming that a claimed deposit actually increases an account's spendable balance before treating it as legitimate.","heading":"Fake Stablecoin Fraud Targeting Major Exchanges","sources":[{"url":"https://crypto.news/scammers-target-crypto-exchanges-with-fake-stablecoins-on-ton/","name":"Scammers target crypto exchanges with fake stablecoins on TON","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://tonkeeper.helpscoutdocs.com/article/123-how-to-recognize-and-avoid-scams","name":"Common scams - Questions and answers about Tonkeeper","type":"official","credibility":2}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"Academic researchers studying TON's two largest decentralized exchanges, Ston.fi and DeDust, published a 2025 machine-learning analysis of rug pulls on the network, defining the phenomenon under two criteria: a catastrophic, TVL-based liquidity withdrawal by a token's creators, and an idle-based sudden cessation of all trading activity. The researchers reported that gradient-boosting models could identify likely rug pulls within the first five minutes of a token's trading, with the TVL-based detection method achieving an AUC of up to 0.891, indicating that abrupt liquidity-drain exit scams are a recognized and measurable pattern on TON's DEX ecosystem. Ston.fi's own blog has separately published educational material warning users about common rug-pull tactics in the broader crypto space. Available sourcing supports that rug pulls are a documented pattern on TON DEXs generally; it does not establish specific, named token incidents with individually verified loss figures, so specific-incident claims should be treated as unverified pending further reporting.","heading":"Rug Pull Activity on TON Decentralized Exchanges","sources":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01168","name":"Detecting Rug Pulls in Decentralized Exchanges: Machine Learning Evidence from the TON Blockchain (arXiv)","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://blog.ston.fi/rug-pull-tactics-a-common-practice-of-fraud-in-crypto-space/","name":"Rug pull tactics. A common practice of fraud in crypto space (STON.fi Blog)","type":"official","credibility":2}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"Blockchain analytics firm Elliptic documented that Huione Guarantee, a Chinese-language marketplace operating through thousands of Telegram channels, settled transactions 'almost entirely' in USDT and collectively, alongside successor markets, processed more than $35 billion in payments for scam infrastructure, stolen personal data, money-laundering services, and deepfake/face-swapping tools — making it, by Elliptic's assessment, the largest online market for illicit payments yet documented, larger than Silk Road and AlphaBay combined. Following Telegram's takedown of Huione-linked channels in mid-2025, successor marketplaces emerged, most notably Tudou Guarantee, which reporting describes as having processed over $12 billion in transactions before effectively ceasing operations in January 2026, in the days following the arrest and extradition to China of Chen Zhi, chairman of Cambodia's Prince Holding Group, on January 6, 2026. These marketplaces operate within the same Telegram platform that now runs TON as its designated blockchain layer, and some reporting has characterized transaction settlement on these markets as occurring partly via TON alongside USDT on other chains; however, primary sourcing reviewed for this report (Elliptic, The Hacker News) documents settlement predominantly in USDT without specifying network, and does not conclusively establish TON as a primary settlement rail for Tudou or Huione. This distinction — platform adjacency to Telegram versus confirmed on-chain use of TON specifically — should be treated as a meaningful uncertainty, and claims of direct TON-chain settlement for these marketplaces are assessed as low confidence pending clearer network-level attribution.","heading":"Illicit Marketplace Activity: Guarantee Markets in the Telegram/TON Ecosystem","sources":[{"url":"https://www.elliptic.co/blog/telegram-dark-markets-expand-to-fill-the-gap-left-by-huione-guarantee","name":"Telegram dark markets expand to fill the gap left by Huione Guarantee (Elliptic)","type":"research","credibility":1},{"url":"https://www.elliptic.co/blog/tudou-guarantee-winds-down-operations-after-12-billion-in-transactions","name":"Tudou Guarantee winds down operations after $12 billion in transactions (Elliptic)","type":"research","credibility":1},{"url":"https://thehackernews.com/2026/01/tudou-guarantee-marketplace-halts.html","name":"Tudou Guarantee Marketplace Halts Telegram Transactions After Processing Over $12 Billion","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2025/07/30/illicit-crypto-trade-quickly-rebounds-despite-telegram-s-shutdown-of-usd35b-huione-marketplace","name":"Telegram's $35B Crack Down on Crypto Scams Fails to Quell Fraud as More Platforms Pop Up","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"Security researchers identified multiple 2026 malware campaigns abusing TON's public, permissionless smart-contract layer as a resilient command-and-control (C2) channel, a technique sometimes called a 'dead drop resolver.' A variant of the TrickMo Android banking trojan, observed since January 2026 and targeting banking and cryptocurrency-wallet users in France, Italy, and Austria while disguised as TikTok or streaming apps, was reported to use TON .ADNL addresses routed through an embedded local TON proxy to receive operator commands, allowing attackers to update C2 destinations without altering the malware binary already installed on victim devices. Separately, in late May 2026, Trend Micro reported a campaign dubbed 'TONResolver,' delivering a Node.js backdoor via malicious LNK files and abusing the TON blockchain to resolve C2 addresses, in emails sent to Japanese partner companies of Booking.com, with particular focus on the hotel industry. Researchers noted that using a public blockchain for C2 resolution makes takedown by conventional means (seizing a domain or IP) largely ineffective, since the malicious data lives in immutable, permissionless smart-contract state.","heading":"TON Blockchain as Malware Command-and-Control Infrastructure (2026)","sources":[{"url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/trickmo-android-banker-adopts-ton-blockchain-for-covert-comms/","name":"TrickMo Android banker adopts TON blockchain for covert comms","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://thehackernews.com/2026/05/new-trickmo-variant-uses-ton-c2-and.html","name":"New TrickMo Variant Uses TON C2 and SOCKS5 to Create Android Network Pivots (The Hacker News)","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en/research/26/f/tonresolver.html","name":"TONResolver RAT Abuses TON Blockchain to Target Japan's Hotel Industry (Trend Micro)","type":"research","credibility":2}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"Threat-intelligence researchers documented that KillNet, a pro-Russia hacktivist collective known for DDoS campaigns against NATO-aligned targets since Russia's invasion of Ukraine, solicited donations in multiple cryptocurrencies including Toncoin, alongside Bitcoin, Monero, USDT, and Ethereum. Researchers estimated that crypto wallets attributed to KillNet had accumulated more than $280,000 since February 2022, with the group reportedly converting a portion — around $35,000 — through Eastern European exchanges noted for weak know-your-customer controls. Toncoin's relevance to KillNet is attributed in part to the group's heavy reliance on Telegram, where TON is the native integrated asset, for coordination and fundraising outreach. This use reflects Toncoin's status as an easily transactable asset within a platform popular with the group's audience rather than any TON-specific design feature.","heading":"Use by Pro-Russia Hacktivist Groups (KillNet)","sources":[{"url":"https://analyst1.com/toncoin-and-its-use-in-cybercrime-killnet/","name":"Toncoin and Its Use in Cybercrime: KillNet Case Study (Analyst1)","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/spotlight-on-killnet-the-cybercriminal-group-raising-funds-for-russias-war-in-ukraine","name":"Spotlight on KillNet: The Cybercriminal Group Raising Funds for Russia's War in Ukraine (TRM Labs)","type":"research","credibility":2}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"TON's block production halted for several hours following the token-generation event and airdrop of the meme coin DOGS, which reportedly distributed over $550 million in value to roughly four million Telegram-linked wallet users. According to the TON Foundation, four million users claimed their DOGS tokens on August 26, 2024, generating a claimed peak of over 67,000 transactions per second — far beyond the network's advertised throughput — which caused validators to fall out of consensus while struggling to process the backlog. TON Core instructed validators to restart at 4:00 a.m. UTC to re-establish consensus, and the TON Foundation announced full recovery at 5:30 a.m. UTC on August 28, 2024, stating on its social media account, 'TON is now producing blocks normally! We are back online.' The incident was widely reported as a stress-test failure that exposed a substantial gap between TON's claimed theoretical throughput and its real-world performance under a mass consumer-scale event, raising questions about the network's readiness for further Telegram-driven mainstream adoption.","heading":"Network Stability Incident: DOGS Airdrop Outage (August 2024)","sources":[{"url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/ton-back-online-dogs-outage","name":"TON is back online after block production outage triggered by DOGS","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://thedefiant.io/news/blockchains/ton-goes-offline-for-seven-hours-amid-dogs-airdrop","name":"TON Goes Offline For Seven Hours Amid DOGS Airdrop","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.cryptopolitan.com/ton-fails-dogs-airdrop-stress-test-causes-3-hour-outage/","name":"TON fails DOGS airdrop stress test, causes 3-hour outage","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"Multiple security researchers characterized TON's rapid 2024 growth — reported as a 4,500% increase in ecosystem total value locked during 2024 — as having outpaced the coverage of established blockchain-analytics and forensic tooling, leaving investigators and exchanges with comparatively limited automated means to trace illicit TON activity relative to chains like Bitcoin or Ethereum. This gap was cited by security researchers as one reason phishing-drainer operators (see AngelX, above) explicitly targeted TON as a 'less mature' and less-monitored chain. Blockchain intelligence firm TRM Labs announced in February 2025 that it had built out comprehensive analytics coverage for TON, including integration with the ChainAbuse reporting platform for real-time flagging of malicious TON addresses — an announcement that, by implication, confirms that dedicated law-enforcement-grade coverage of TON was not comprehensively available prior to that date. Independent on-chain investigator ZachXBT has published numerous investigations tracing stolen and laundered crypto funds across chains generally; available search results did not surface a TON-specific investigation report by ZachXBT with a verifiable URL, so no TON-specific ZachXBT claim is made here. This section should be read as documenting a historical and partially-remediated tooling gap rather than a permanent or unique property of TON.","heading":"Structural Risk: Forensic Coverage Gaps and Traceability Limitations","sources":[{"url":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/trm-labs-announces-comprehensive-blockchain-intelligence-coverage-for-ton","name":"TRM Labs Announces Comprehensive Blockchain Intelligence Coverage for TON","type":"official","credibility":2},{"url":"https://cryptodaily.co.uk/news-in-crypto/crypto-intelligence:ton-blockchain-faces-rising-phishing-threats-amid-explosive-2024-growth-experts-warn","name":"TON Blockchain Faces Rising Phishing Threats Amid Explosive 2024 Growth, Experts Warn","type":"news_article","credibility":3}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"TON's official documentation describes several protocol-level bridges connecting TON to other chains, including a legacy Ethereum bridge and BNB Smart Chain bridge, accessible via the interface at bridge.ton.org, with statistics published on a public Dune Analytics dashboard maintained by the TON Foundation. TON's own documentation states that these early (2021–2023) official bridges are now considered legacy infrastructure, are not recommended for new transactions, and could be deprecated at any time, though they remain available for asset withdrawal. Given the deprecated status of these official bridges and the general prevalence of fraudulent bridge-impersonation contracts across the crypto industry, users should verify any bridge or wrapped-token contract address directly against TON's official documentation or GitHub repositories (e.g., github.com/ton-blockchain) rather than against addresses found in third-party articles, and should treat unofficial 'next-generation' bridge recommendations with the same scrutiny applied to any third-party smart contract.","heading":"Official Bridge Infrastructure and Ethereum Contract Addresses","sources":[{"url":"https://docs.ton.org/v3/documentation/infra/crosschain/overview","name":"Cross-chain bridges | The Open Network - TON Docs","type":"official","credibility":1},{"url":"https://docs.ton.org/v3/documentation/infra/bridges/toncoin-addresses","name":"Bridge addresses | The Open Network - TON Docs","type":"official","credibility":1},{"url":"https://github.com/ton-blockchain/bridge-func","name":"GitHub - ton-blockchain/bridge-func: TON-EVM Toncoin bridge","type":"official","credibility":1}],"severity":"low"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2018-01","event":"Telegram Group Inc. and subsidiary TON Issuer Inc. began raising capital for the Telegram Open Network and Gram token.","source":"SEC press release / complaint","source_url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2019-212"},{"date":"2019-10-11","event":"SEC filed an emergency enforcement action and obtained a temporary restraining order blocking distribution of Gram tokens.","source":"SEC press release","source_url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2019-212","date_evidence":"Filing Date: October 11, 2019 ... On October 11, 2019, the SEC filed a complaint against Telegram"},{"date":"2020-03-24","event":"Judge P. Kevin Castel granted the SEC a preliminary injunction against Telegram's Gram distribution.","source":"National Law Review","source_url":"https://natlawreview.com/article/sec-v-telegram-groundbreaking-decision-cryptocurrency-enforcement","date_evidence":"On March 24, 2020, Judge P. Kevin Castel of the Southern District of New York issued a potentially groundbreaking decision in the matter of Securities and Exchange Commission v. Telegram Group Inc. et al."},{"date":"2020-06-26","event":"SEC announced settlement: Telegram to return over $1.2 billion to investors and pay an $18.5 million civil penalty.","source":"SEC press release","source_url":"https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020-146","date_evidence":"Washington D.C., June 26, 2020"},{"date":"2023-11","event":"Kaspersky-documented Toncoin pyramid/referral-bot scheme became active on Telegram.","source":"Kaspersky official blog","source_url":"https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/toncoin-cryptocurrency-scam/51042/"},{"date":"2024-08-24","event":"Pavel Durov arrested at Paris–Le Bourget Airport.","source":"Wikipedia, citing contemporaneous reporting","source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_and_indictment_of_Pavel_Durov","date_evidence":"The arrest took place on 24 August 2024, in Paris at about 8 pm local time."},{"date":"2024-08","event":"Durov placed under formal judicial investigation on twelve charges and released on bail with a French travel ban.","source":"NPR","source_url":"https://www.npr.org/2024/08/29/nx-s1-5093191/french-authorities-indict-telegram-founder-pavel-durov-on-multiple-charges","date_evidence":"French authorities indict Telegram founder Pavel Durov on multiple charges","date_original":"2024-08-28"},{"date":"2024-08","event":"DOGS memecoin airdrop claim event generates record transaction volume on TON.","source":"Cointelegraph","source_url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/ton-back-online-dogs-outage","date_evidence":"four million users claimed their Dogs token via the wallet after Dogs held its token generation event","date_original":"2024-08-26"},{"date":"2024-08","event":"TON network fully recovers from DOGS-airdrop-triggered block production outage.","source":"Cointelegraph","source_url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/ton-back-online-dogs-outage","date_evidence":"TON is now producing blocks normally! 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