{"investigation":{"slug":"poly-network","entity_name":"Poly Network","trust_score":50,"severity_base":50,"score_modifier":0,"confidence":0.92,"status":"under_investigation","content_type":"investigation","summary":"Poly Network was a tokenless cross-chain interoperability protocol launched in August 2020 by Neo, Ontology and Switcheo. It suffered a roughly $610–611 million exploit in August 2021, the largest DeFi hack at the time, with nearly all funds returned by the attacker, and a second exploit in July 2023 attributed to compromised keeper keys in a 3-of-4 multisig, with realised losses estimated at $5–20 million. The protocol permanently terminated all services on September 30, 2024.","sections":[{"content":"Poly Network is a heterogeneous cross-chain interoperability protocol launched on August 18, 2020. Its founding members were the Neo, Ontology and Switcheo blockchain projects. The protocol was designed to be tokenless (it issued no native token) and to enable asset transfers across heterogeneous blockchains, including Ethereum, BNB Chain (Binance Smart Chain), Polygon, Avalanche, Neo, Ontology, Bitcoin and others, without requiring protocol overhead for integration. It used a relay-chain architecture of three layers: smart contracts on participating chains, relayers that transmit cross-chain messages, and a coordinating Poly Chain. By the time of its first major exploit in 2021, the protocol had facilitated over $3.3 billion in cross-chain asset transfers across more than 18,000 addresses.\n\nThe project maintained close ties to the O3 Labs team, the development group behind the O3 Wallet, which originated in the Neo community in 2017. Poly Network did not publicly identify its core development team; its founders operated largely through the organisational structure shared with Neo.","heading":"Overview and background","sources":[{"url":"https://neo.org/blog/details/4207","name":"neo.org","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://neonewstoday.com/general/neo-collaborates-with-switcheo-and-ontology-to-launch-poly-network-a-new-tokenless-and-heterogeneous-interoperability-protocol/","name":"neonewstoday.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://phemex.com/academy/what-is-poly-network","name":"phemex.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://cointelegraph.com/magazine/shanghai-man-poly-network-hacking-shows-how-divided-the-eastern-and-western-crypto-communities-still-are/","name":"cointelegraph.com","type":"other","credibility":3}],"severity":"low"},{"content":"On August 10, 2021, an unknown attacker exploited a critical access control vulnerability in Poly Network's smart contracts, taking roughly $610–611 million in cryptocurrency, the largest DeFi hack recorded at that time. Reports differ slightly on the total: approximately $611 million according to the survivor page's sources (e.g. CoinDesk, Chainalysis), approximately $610 million according to the merged page's sources (e.g. Wikipedia, Kudelski Security); both give the same per-chain split of about $273 million in ETH-based assets on Ethereum, $253 million in BEP-20 tokens on Binance Smart Chain and $85 million in USDC on Polygon. The attacker moved the funds to three controlled addresses on Ethereum, BSC and Polygon, which on-chain analysts publicly identified within hours.\n\nThe root cause was a mismanagement of permissions between two high-privilege contracts, EthCrossChainManager and EthCrossChainData. EthCrossChainManager held owner-level access over EthCrossChainData, and its verifyHeaderAndExecuteTx function could execute arbitrary user-supplied calldata. The attacker passed the string 'f1121318093' as a method parameter so that the call reached the PutCurEpochConPubKeyBytes function on EthCrossChainData, replacing the legitimate keeper public keys with the attacker's own. With keeper status the attacker could authorise outbound transfers and drained Poly Network's liquidity across multiple chains. SlowMist published an independent analysis corroborating this root cause.\n\nSlowMist also claimed shortly after the attack to have identified the attacker's IP address, email and device fingerprints; these claims were not independently verified, and the attacker's identity was never confirmed.","heading":"August 2021 exploit","sources":[{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/08/10/cross-chain-defi-site-poly-network-hacked-hundreds-of-millions-potentially-lost","name":"coindesk.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/poly-network-hack-august-2021/","name":"chainalysis.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-poly-network-hack-august-2021","name":"halborn.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://research.kudelskisecurity.com/2021/08/12/the-poly-network-hack-explained/","name":"research.kudelskisecurity.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://slowmist.medium.com/the-root-cause-of-poly-network-being-hacked-ec2ee1b0c68f","name":"slowmist.medium.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://slowmist.medium.com/the-analysis-and-q-a-of-poly-network-being-hacked-8112a35beb39","name":"slowmist.medium.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.certik.com/resources/blog/HPJ3e0qAWPErSPdGeMXg1-poly-network-exploit","name":"certik.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.elliptic.co/blog/the-poly-network-hack-600-million-in-crypto-stolen-and-returned-in-24-hours","name":"elliptic.co","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Network_exploit","name":"en.wikipedia.org","type":"other","credibility":3}],"severity":"critical"},{"content":"Beginning on August 11, 2021, one day after the theft, the attacker began returning funds, communicating through messages embedded in on-chain transactions. The attacker claimed the theft was done 'for fun', that returning the funds was 'always the plan', and that the aim was to expose the vulnerability rather than profit; these claims of being a security researcher were never verified by an independent authority.\n\nPoly Network publicly addressed the attacker as 'Mr. White Hat' and offered a $500,000 bug bounty and the position of 'chief security advisor'. By August 13 approximately $340 million had been returned, with remaining assets moved to a multi-signature address requiring Poly Network's cooperation for transfer. The final tranche was returned by August 25, 2021. The hacker declined the $500,000 bounty. Accounts differ on whether recovery was complete: the survivor page states that everything was returned except $33.4 million in USDT that Tether Ltd. froze immediately after the hack, while the merged page states that Poly Network confirmed all assets recovered.\n\nThe 'white hat' designation drew criticism from the security community. Security professional Katie Paxton-Fear said that 'labelling this hack as a white hat is really disappointing', and former DOJ and FBI official Charlie Steele noted that 'private companies have no authority to promise immunity from criminal prosecution.' Critics argued the framing risked normalising large-scale theft of digital assets provided the funds were eventually returned.","heading":"2021 fund return and the 'Mr. White Hat' framing","sources":[{"url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/poly-network-hacker-returns-nearly-all-funds-refuses-500k-white-hat-bounty","name":"cointelegraph.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/23/poly-network-hacker-returns-remaining-cryptocurrency.html","name":"cnbc.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Network_exploit","name":"en.wikipedia.org","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://protos.com/poly-network-white-hat-offers-500k-once-crypto-returned/","name":"protos.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.elliptic.co/blog/the-poly-network-hack-600-million-in-crypto-stolen-and-returned-in-24-hours","name":"elliptic.co","type":"other","credibility":3}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"On July 2, 2023, Poly Network suffered a second major exploit. Using control of the Relay Chain consensus (keeper) keys, the attacker forged cross-chain transactions and minted arbitrary quantities of tokens. Reports differ on the scope: 57 assets on 10 blockchains (including Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon, Avalanche, Metis and Optimism) according to the survivor page's sources, and 58 assets on 11 blockchains according to the merged page's sources. The notional value of the minted tokens was reported at about $34–43 billion, but nearly all lacked enough on-chain liquidity to be sold at those prices.\n\nEstimates of realised losses also differ: Beosin put them at about $10 million in ETH and other liquid assets, and PeckShield estimated that over $5 million was moved from Ethereum, Polygon and BNB Chain; other security firms cited on the merged page put the range at $10.1 million to $20 million, with about 5,196 ETH (roughly $10 million) extracted on Ethereum alone.\n\nPost-incident analysis by Dedaub concluded that the most likely root cause was the compromise of at least three of the four keeper private keys in Poly Network's 3-of-4 multisig arrangement. Dedaub found that the malicious state root used in the exploit was correctly signed by three of four keeper addresses, indicating that key material was compromised rather than a contract logic flaw, and noted: 'Poly Network had a simple 3 of 4 multisig arrangement over 2 years — which is incredibly risky.' Poly Network's own post-mortem attributed the exploit to a Trojan virus implanted in the program compilation environment, alleging the attackers obtained consensus keys by compromising the relay chain build pipeline. Independent analysts noted the attack was also consistent with a rug pull or insider action, although no direct evidence of insider involvement was published.\n\nPoly Network suspended all services immediately, urged users to withdraw assets and said it was coordinating with centralised exchanges and law enforcement. The attacker's identity was not publicly confirmed, and the protocol did not resume full operations.","heading":"July 2023 exploit and keeper key compromise","sources":[{"url":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-poly-network-hack-july-2023","name":"halborn.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://dedaub.com/blog/poly-network-hack/","name":"dedaub.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.theblock.co/post/237452/attacker-pockets-10-million-from-poly-network-security-attack-beosin","name":"theblock.co","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://decrypt.co/147059/poly-network-attack-conjures-billions-of-dollars-in-tokens-that-did-not-exist","name":"decrypt.co","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2023/07/02/polynetwork-attacker-issues-worthless-billions-in-shib-bnb-busd-in-latest-crypto-hack","name":"coindesk.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://therecord.media/crypto-platform-poly-network-suspends-service-after-hack","name":"therecord.media","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://polynetwork.medium.com/the-poly-network-exploit-analysis-b0a77aff6078","name":"polynetwork.medium.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://beincrypto.com/poly-network-exploit-hackers/","name":"beincrypto.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://crypto.news/polynetwork-remains-suspended-24-hours-after-5m-hack/","name":"crypto.news","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.quillaudits.com/blog/hack-analysis/poly-network-hack","name":"quillaudits.com","type":"other","credibility":3}],"severity":"critical"},{"content":"Poly Network's core contracts, including EthCrossChainData, EthCrossChainManager, UpgradableECCM, EthCrossChainManagerProxy, ECCUtils, LockProxy, Swapper and SwapProxy, had been audited before the August 2021 hack, including a review by BlockSec. The access control flaw exploited in 2021, an architectural error that let a high-privilege manager contract call privileged functions on a data contract without adequate restrictions, nonetheless went undetected; it is considered a basic smart contract security failure. After the 2021 hack Poly Network announced a $500,000 bug bounty programme on Immunefi offering up to $100,000 for critical vulnerabilities.\n\nThe 2023 exploit, about two years later, indicated that while the contract layer had been hardened, the off-chain keeper key management was not adequately secured. Independent researchers noted that a design in which compromising only three of four keys allows fraudulent cross-chain transactions was an insufficient threshold for a protocol handling hundreds of millions of dollars in user assets, and the multisig had operated for two years without documented key rotation or apparent hardware security module protection.","heading":"Security posture and audit history","sources":[{"url":"https://blocksec.com/audit-report/security-audit-report-for-poly-contracts","name":"blocksec.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.vidma.io/blog/poly-network-hack-a-611-million-lesson-in-smart-contract-vulnerabilities","name":"vidma.io","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://dedaub.com/blog/poly-network-hack/","name":"dedaub.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-poly-network-hack-august-2021","name":"halborn.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://research.kudelskisecurity.com/2021/08/12/the-poly-network-hack-explained/","name":"research.kudelskisecurity.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-poly-network-hack-july-2023","name":"halborn.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Network_exploit","name":"en.wikipedia.org","type":"other","credibility":3}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"In April 2024 the team indicated it would stop new deployments and support only existing partners. On September 11, 2024, Poly Network published a notice of complete termination of all services effective September 30, 2024, citing the 'changing market landscape' as the reason. The notice gave 19 days of warning and included no detail on how users could withdraw remaining assets, data migration or a transition process. All Poly Network services, including the Poly Bridge cross-chain bridge, are permanently offline.","heading":"Service wind-down and termination","sources":[{"url":"https://polynetwork.medium.com/notice-of-complete-termination-of-poly-network-services-3470ef78d9d9","name":"polynetwork.medium.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://neonewstoday.com/development/poly-network-announces-complete-termination-of-all-services/","name":"neonewstoday.com","type":"other","credibility":3}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"No public enforcement actions by the SEC, CFTC, DOJ or OFAC against Poly Network or its founding organisations (Neo, Ontology, Switcheo) were identified in available records as of May 2026. After the 2021 hack Poly Network said it had reported the incident to law enforcement, but no arrests, charges or prosecutions have been publicly reported for either the 2021 or the 2023 incident, and no agency has publicly identified either attacker.","heading":"Regulatory and law enforcement context","sources":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Network_exploit","name":"en.wikipedia.org","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2021/12/07/most-influential-40-polynetwork-hacker","name":"coindesk.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://therecord.media/crypto-platform-poly-network-suspends-service-after-hack","name":"therecord.media","type":"other","credibility":3}],"severity":"low"},{"content":"Poly Network's record combines several risk flags: two major security incidents within about two years (the August 2021 exploit of roughly $610–611 million and the July 2023 exploit with realised losses estimated at $5–20 million); a static 3-of-4 keeper multisig operated for two years; the widely criticised 'Mr. White Hat' framing, bounty offer and advisory-role offer to the 2021 attacker; limited public accountability, with founders not publicly identified and the organisation spread across affiliated entities including Neo and O3 Labs; and a shutdown announced with limited transparency and minimal user guidance.\n\nBlockchain investigator ZachXBT has reportedly listed Poly Network among exploited or risky crypto entities following its repeated breaches. Community discussions on Reddit and Crypto Twitter (now X) criticised the protocol's security posture, the 'chief security advisor' offer and the lack of transparency around the 2023 key compromise. These community-level flags carry low credibility on their own but are consistent with the documented exploits.","heading":"Risk flags and community concerns","sources":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Network_exploit","name":"en.wikipedia.org","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://dedaub.com/blog/poly-network-hack/","name":"dedaub.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://therecord.media/crypto-platform-poly-network-suspends-service-after-hack","name":"therecord.media","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/poly-network-hacker-returns-nearly-all-funds-refuses-500k-white-hat-bounty","name":"cointelegraph.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://polynetwork.medium.com/notice-of-complete-termination-of-poly-network-services-3470ef78d9d9","name":"polynetwork.medium.com","type":"other","credibility":3},{"url":"https://decrypt.co/147059/poly-network-attack-conjures-billions-of-dollars-in-tokens-that-did-not-exist","name":"decrypt.co","type":"other","credibility":3}],"severity":"high"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2020-08","event":"Poly Network launches on August 18, 2020 as a tokenless heterogeneous cross-chain interoperability protocol founded by Neo, Ontology and Switcheo.","source":"neonewstoday.com","source_url":"https://neonewstoday.com/general/neo-collaborates-with-switcheo-and-ontology-to-launch-poly-network-a-new-tokenless-and-heterogeneous-interoperability-protocol/"},{"date":"2021-08","event":"August 10: an attacker exploits the access control flaw between EthCrossChainManager and EthCrossChainData, taking about $610–611 million across Ethereum (~$273M), Binance Smart Chain (~$253M) and Polygon (~$85M), the largest DeFi hack at the time.","source":"coindesk.com","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/08/10/cross-chain-defi-site-poly-network-hacked-hundreds-of-millions-potentially-lost"},{"date":"2021-08","event":"August 11: the attacker begins returning funds and claims in on-chain messages that the theft was 'for fun' and meant to expose the vulnerability; Poly Network starts calling the attacker 'Mr. White Hat'.","source":"cointelegraph.com","source_url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/poly-network-hacker-returns-nearly-all-funds-refuses-500k-white-hat-bounty"},{"date":"2021-08","event":"August 13: about $340 million returned, with remaining assets moved to a multi-signature address requiring Poly Network's cooperation; Poly Network offers a $500,000 bug bounty and a 'chief security advisor' role, drawing criticism from the security community.","source":"en.wikipedia.org","source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Network_exploit"},{"date":"2021-08","event":"August 15: Tether Ltd. confirms it froze $33.4 million in USDT linked to the attacker's wallet immediately after the hack.","source":""},{"date":"2021-08","event":"August 25: final tranche of unfrozen funds returned; the attacker declines the $500,000 bounty.","source":"cointelegraph.com","source_url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/poly-network-hacker-returns-nearly-all-funds-refuses-500k-white-hat-bounty"},{"date":"2021-09","event":"Poly Network launches a bug bounty programme on Immunefi offering up to $100,000 for critical vulnerabilities.","source":""},{"date":"2023-07","event":"July 2: second exploit; using compromised keeper keys the attacker mints billions in notional-value tokens (57 assets on 10 chains, or 58 assets on 11 chains, by differing accounts), with realised losses estimated at $5–20 million. Services are suspended.","source":"coindesk.com","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/tech/2023/07/02/polynetwork-attacker-issues-worthless-billions-in-shib-bnb-busd-in-latest-crypto-hack"},{"date":"2023-07","event":"July 3: Poly Network suspends all services and advises users to withdraw assets.","source":"therecord.media","source_url":"https://therecord.media/crypto-platform-poly-network-suspends-service-after-hack"},{"date":"2023-07","event":"July 3: Dedaub publishes a post-mortem attributing the attack to compromised keeper private keys rather than a smart contract bug.","source":"dedaub.com","source_url":"https://dedaub.com/blog/poly-network-hack/"},{"date":"2023-07","event":"July 4: Poly Network publishes a post-mortem attributing the exploit to Trojan malware implanted in the compilation environment used for consensus node keys.","source":"polynetwork.medium.com","source_url":"https://polynetwork.medium.com/the-poly-network-exploit-analysis-b0a77aff6078"},{"date":"2024-04","event":"Poly Network says it will cease new deployments and support only existing partners.","source":""},{"date":"2024-09","event":"September 11: Poly Network announces complete termination of all services effective September 30, 2024, citing the 'changing market landscape'.","source":"polynetwork.medium.com","source_url":"https://polynetwork.medium.com/notice-of-complete-termination-of-poly-network-services-3470ef78d9d9"},{"date":"2024-09","event":"September 30: all Poly Network services, including Poly Bridge, permanently shut down.","source":"polynetwork.medium.com","source_url":"https://polynetwork.medium.com/notice-of-complete-termination-of-poly-network-services-3470ef78d9d9"}],"sources_used":[{"url":"https://neo.org/blog/details/4207","name":"neo.org","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260418011431/https://neo.org/blog/details/4207","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-04-18T01:14:31+00:00"},{"url":"https://phemex.com/academy/what-is-poly-network","name":"phemex.com","type":"other","archive_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260830080513/https://phemex.com/academy/what-is-poly-network","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-30T08:05:13+00:00"},{"url":"https://cointelegraph.com/magazine/shanghai-man-poly-network-hacking-shows-how-divided-the-eastern-and-western-crypto-communities-still-are/","name":"cointelegraph.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260218061957/https://cointelegraph.com/magazine/shanghai-man-poly-network-hacking-shows-how-divided-the-eastern-and-western-crypto-communities-still-are/","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-02-18T06:19:57+00:00"},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/08/10/cross-chain-defi-site-poly-network-hacked-hundreds-of-millions-potentially-lost","name":"coindesk.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260413160447/https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/08/10/cross-chain-defi-site-poly-network-hacked-hundreds-of-millions-potentially-lost","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-04-13T16:04:47+00:00"},{"url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/poly-network-hack-august-2021/","name":"chainalysis.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260315140752/https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/poly-network-hack-august-2021/","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-03-15T14:07:52+00:00"},{"url":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-poly-network-hack-august-2021","name":"halborn.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260829134428/https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-poly-network-hack-august-2021","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-29T13:44:28+00:00"},{"url":"https://research.kudelskisecurity.com/2021/08/12/the-poly-network-hack-explained/","name":"research.kudelskisecurity.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20250729214805/https://research.kudelskisecurity.com/2021/08/12/the-poly-network-hack-explained/","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2025-07-29T21:48:05+00:00"},{"url":"https://slowmist.medium.com/the-root-cause-of-poly-network-being-hacked-ec2ee1b0c68f","name":"slowmist.medium.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260422164553/https://slowmist.medium.com/the-root-cause-of-poly-network-being-hacked-ec2ee1b0c68f","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-04-22T16:45:53+00:00"},{"url":"https://www.certik.com/resources/blog/HPJ3e0qAWPErSPdGeMXg1-poly-network-exploit","name":"certik.com","type":"other","archive_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260830092305/https://www.certik.com/blog/HPJ3e0qAWPErSPdGeMXg1-poly-network-exploit","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-30T09:23:05+00:00"},{"url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/poly-network-hacker-returns-nearly-all-funds-refuses-500k-white-hat-bounty","name":"cointelegraph.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260331055353/https://cointelegraph.com/news/poly-network-hacker-returns-nearly-all-funds-refuses-500k-white-hat-bounty","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-03-31T05:53:53+00:00"},{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/23/poly-network-hacker-returns-remaining-cryptocurrency.html","name":"cnbc.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260826080701/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/23/poly-network-hacker-returns-remaining-cryptocurrency.html","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-26T08:07:01+00:00"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Network_exploit","name":"en.wikipedia.org","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260819195251/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_Network_Exploit","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-19T19:52:51+00:00"},{"url":"https://protos.com/poly-network-white-hat-offers-500k-once-crypto-returned/","name":"protos.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260609062939/https://protos.com/poly-network-white-hat-offers-500k-once-crypto-returned/","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-06-09T06:29:39+00:00"},{"url":"https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-poly-network-hack-july-2023","name":"halborn.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260516233004/https://www.halborn.com/blog/post/explained-the-poly-network-hack-july-2023","credibility":3,"archive_timestamp":"2026-05-16T23:30:04+00:00"},{"url":"https://dedaub.com/blog/poly-network-hack/","name":"dedaub.com","type":"other","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260414022223/https://dedaub.com/blog/poly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