{"investigation":{"slug":"operation-economic-outcast-iran-digital-asset-sanctions","entity_name":"Operation Economic Outcast — Iran Digital Asset Sanctions","trust_score":0,"severity_base":null,"score_modifier":0,"confidence":0.92,"status":"published","content_type":"investigation","summary":"Operation Economic Outcast is a U.S. Treasury-led sanctions campaign announced on August 24, 2026, that for the first time designated Iran's entire digital asset sector as a sanctionable segment of the Iranian economy under Executive Order 13902. The action designated nearly 60 entities, individuals, and vessels and issued five sectoral sanctions determinations — covering digital assets, technology, gold, aviation, and shipping — creating secondary sanctions exposure for any person or business globally that operates in or provides services to Iran's crypto sector. This page documents the regulatory framework, key designations, and compliance implications relevant to anyone interacting with Iran-adjacent protocols, wallets, or exchanges.","sections":[{"content":"On August 24, 2026, the U.S. Department of the Treasury launched Operation Economic Outcast, describing it as a whole-of-government economic campaign against the Islamic Republic of Iran and its enablers. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent stated that 'President Trump has taken action that his predecessors have long deferred. Under his leadership, America is no longer managing the Iranian threat. We are ending it.' The operation produced five sectoral sanctions determinations under Executive Order 13902 — covering digital assets, technology, gold, aviation, and shipping — and added approximately 60 new entries to the Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list, including entities, individuals, and vessels. The digital assets determination is the first of its kind: it gives OFAC authority to sanction any foreign person, anywhere in the world, determined to operate in or provide services to Iran's digital asset sector, without requiring that person to have a prior nexus to a named Iranian designee or to a separately established illicit activity. This extends the secondary sanctions perimeter to global cryptocurrency exchanges, custodians, OTC desks, and infrastructure providers.","heading":"Regulatory Action Overview","sources":[{"url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0613","name":"Treasury Launches Unprecedented Campaign Against Iranian Regime on Economic D-Day — U.S. Department of the Treasury (official press release)","type":"regulatory","credibility":1},{"url":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/operation-economic-outcast-treasury-sanctions-nearly-60-iran-linked-targets-and-names-digital-assets-a-sanctionable-sector","name":"Operation Economic Outcast: Treasury Sanctions Nearly 60 Iran-linked Targets and Names Digital Assets a Sanctionable Sector — TRM Labs","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://decrypt.co/376424/us-can-now-sanction-anyone-operating-in-irans-crypto-sector","name":"US Can Now Sanction Anyone Operating in Iran's Crypto Sector — Decrypt","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"critical"},{"content":"The operation drew on a stack of executive orders and statutory authorities. The primary instrument for the sectoral designations is Executive Order 13902 (January 10, 2020), which authorizes Treasury to designate sectors of the Iranian economy and then sanction any person operating in those sectors. Prior to Operation Economic Outcast, OFAC had already used E.O. 13902 to designate Iran's construction, mining, manufacturing, textiles, financial services, petroleum, and petrochemicals sectors. The digital assets, technology, gold, aviation, and shipping determinations announced August 24, 2026 expand that list. Additional legal authorities cited in individual SDN entries include: Executive Order 13382 (WMD proliferation), Executive Order 13694 as amended (malicious cyber activity), Executive Order 13224 as amended (counterterrorism), and Executive Orders 13553, 13606, 14078, 14144, and 14306. OFAC simultaneously suspended five general licenses that had previously permitted limited humanitarian and cultural interaction with Iran — covering educational exchanges, noncommercial personal remittances, conference-related services, sports exchanges, and academic programs. General License BB authorized a wind-down window for transactions covered by the suspended licenses, expiring September 8, 2026. Treasury also indicated it may invoke FinCEN Section 311 authority (designation as a primary money laundering concern, cutting off U.S. dollar correspondent access) and CISADA correspondent account restrictions against foreign banks that knowingly facilitate significant Iran-related transactions.","heading":"Legal Authorities","sources":[{"url":"https://www.paulhastings.com/insights/client-alerts/treasury-issues-additional-iran-related-sanctions-suspends-general-licenses-and-pledges-additional-action-under-operation-economic-outcast","name":"Treasury Issues Additional Iran-Related Sanctions, Suspends General Licenses, and Pledges Additional Action Under Operation Economic Outcast — Paul Hastings LLP","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/936781/download?inline=","name":"OFAC Sectoral Determination — Digital Assets (PDF)","type":"regulatory","credibility":1},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13902","name":"Executive Order 13902 — Wikipedia","type":"other","credibility":3}],"severity":"critical"},{"content":"The designation of Iran's digital asset sector under E.O. 13902 is structurally different from a standard SDN listing. It does not require OFAC to identify a specific individual or entity as sanctioned; instead, it creates a category-wide risk. Any foreign person that OFAC determines operates in Iran's digital asset sector — or provides services in support of that sector — becomes eligible for designation, regardless of where they are based or whether they have any prior connection to a named Iranian designee. For global cryptocurrency businesses, this means: foreign exchanges that knowingly process transactions for Iranian users or exchange operators; OTC desks and brokers that settle trades with counterparties connected to Iran's crypto sector; infrastructure providers (node operators, wallet providers, stablecoin issuers) that support Iranian digital asset activity; and custodians or payment processors that hold or move funds on behalf of sanctioned Iranian exchanges. OFAC has stated that countries will be given individual timelines to end Iran-related activity before secondary sanctions follow, signaling a phased enforcement approach. This determination joins the financial services sector (already designated), creating an overlapping sanctions perimeter that covers both traditional finance and crypto rails simultaneously.","heading":"Digital Asset Sector Designation and Secondary Sanctions Scope","sources":[{"url":"https://www.cryptotimes.io/2026/08/25/us-treasury-names-digital-assets-a-sanctionable-sector-of-irans-economy/","name":"US Makes Iran's Crypto Sector Sanctionable, Ties Broker to $100M in Crypto Oil Payments — CryptoTimes","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://blockchain.news/news/ofac-iran-crypto-sanctions-2026","name":"OFAC Expands Iran Sanctions to Crypto Sector Under New Campaign — Blockchain.News","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/operation-economic-outcast-treasury-sanctions-nearly-60-iran-linked-targets-and-names-digital-assets-a-sanctionable-sector","name":"Operation Economic Outcast: Treasury Sanctions Nearly 60 Iran-linked Targets — TRM Labs","type":"research","credibility":2}],"severity":"critical"},{"content":"The August 24, 2026 action added approximately 60 entries to the SDN list spanning procurement networks, cyber actors, oil-for-crypto brokers, and shadow-fleet vessel operators. Notable designations include: Ivan Obukhov, a Ukrainian national based in the UAE, who according to OFAC processed more than $100 million in cryptocurrency payments since 2023 to facilitate oil sales on behalf of the IRGC-Qods Force. Obukhov is alleged to operate Foscom FZE, a UAE entity acquired in 2022, and to have worked with Syrian national Mohammad Ahmed Suhil Fattouh to acquire vessels used in sanctions circumvention. Five Mabna Institute members were designated as cyber actors coordinated with OFAC's corresponding DOJ charges: Keyvan Fayyaz Ghareh Blagh (aliases: Achilles, The Joker, bc.monster), Saber Shahbazi Balujeh, Mohammad Reza Kadkhoda'i, Mojtaba Ghal'eh-Kuhi, and Arman Kahzadian. OFAC's analysis attributed roughly $16.8 million in cryptocurrency flows to the 30 designated addresses associated with these individuals, with approximately 92% of volume concentrated in addresses controlled by Fayyaz. Kahzadian is specifically alleged to have conducted digital asset theft operations including taking control of a cryptocurrency wallet holding more than $30,000 in Bitcoin in 2023. China-based procurement network entities designated include Sweet Ocean Industrial Limited (Hong Kong), RPT Technology Limited, Tiany Technology Limited, and MT Trading. Shadow-fleet tankers blocked include the SIFRA, G SILVER, QUANTUM HOPE, VOYAGE ELITE, and TELA. Wellbred Trading SA, which reportedly acquired French cooking oil refinery La Nivernaise de Raffinage SAS in 2024 as alleged cover, was also designated.","heading":"Key Individual and Entity Designations","sources":[{"url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0613","name":"Treasury Launches Unprecedented Campaign Against Iranian Regime on Economic D-Day — U.S. Department of the Treasury","type":"regulatory","credibility":1},{"url":"https://cointelegraph.com/news/us-targets-iran-crypto-sector-100m-oil-payments","name":"US Targets Iran Crypto Sector Over $100M Oil Payments — CoinTelegraph","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.techtimes.com/articles/325427/20260825/operation-economic-outcast-exposes-iranian-spies-who-hacked-us-infrastructure-168m.htm","name":"Operation Economic Outcast Exposes Iranian Spies Who Hacked U.S. Infrastructure for $16.8M — TechTimes","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"critical"},{"content":"Operation Economic Outcast built on a series of prior OFAC actions against Iranian crypto exchange infrastructure. On June 2, 2026, OFAC designated Nobitex, Wallex, Bitpin, and Ramzinex — described at the time as the largest crypto-specific OFAC action ever taken against Iranian exchange infrastructure. Nobitex is Iran's largest cryptocurrency exchange by volume; OFAC designated it under both E.O. 13224 (for alleged material support to the IRGC) and E.O. 13902 (for operating in Iran's financial sector), and reported that it processed more than 50% of all Iranian digital asset inflows in 2025. On August 7, 2026, OFAC designated Shelbit Exchange (Georgia-based) and Aban Tether (Iran-based). According to OFAC, digital currency addresses belonging to the IRGC sent the equivalent of over $1 million in digital assets to Shelbit, and over $2 million was transferred from Shelbit to IRGC addresses. Shelbit's operator, Siavash Kayvanpour, a UAE-based individual of Iranian origin, was designated alongside associated entities including Shelbit Technologies Ltd (Poland), Crypto Home DMCC (UAE), and NFT Home DMCC (UAE). Aban Tether was alleged to have processed millions of dollars in transactions with previously designated Iranian exchanges, including Nobitex, Wallex, Bitpin, and Ramzinex. In April 2026, the Central Bank of Iran's stablecoin reserves were the target of a coordinated OFAC-Tether action that froze approximately $344.2 million in USDT held in two Tron addresses. A follow-up July 2026 action added four additional Central Bank of Iran wallets to the SDN list, resulting in Tether freezing an additional $131 million in USDT. Combined, these two freezes represent approximately $475 million in blocked Iranian sovereign crypto reserves.","heading":"Previously Sanctioned Iranian Crypto Exchange Infrastructure","sources":[{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/06/02/u-s-sanctions-iranian-crypto-exchanges-in-ongoing-war-against-country","name":"U.S. sanctions Nobitex, other Iranian crypto exchanges — CoinDesk (June 2, 2026)","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0598","name":"Treasury Sanctions Crypto Exchanges Funding Iran's IRGC and Enabling Illicit Finance — U.S. Department of the Treasury","type":"regulatory","credibility":1},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/08/07/u-s-widens-iran-crypto-crackdown-with-sanctions-on-two-exchanges","name":"U.S. sanctions Iran-linked crypto exchanges Shelbit and Aban Tether — CoinDesk (August 7, 2026)","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/04/24/tether-s-usd344-million-usdt-freeze-linked-to-u-s-economic-fury-against-iran-regime","name":"Tether's $344 million USDT freeze linked to U.S. 'Economic Fury' against Iran regime — CoinDesk","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/ofac-sanctions-crypto-addresses-associated-with-the-central-bank-of-iran-freezes-usd-344-million","name":"OFAC Sanctions Crypto Addresses Associated with the Central Bank of Iran, Freezes USD 344 Million — TRM Labs","type":"research","credibility":2}],"severity":"critical"},{"content":"On August 18, 2026, the Department of Justice unsealed a superseding indictment in the Southern District of New York charging 17 Iranian nationals affiliated with the Mabna Institute with hacking-related offenses across 14 counts. The Mabna Institute is alleged by prosecutors to have conducted cyber intrusions on behalf of Iran's IRGC against American universities, companies, government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. According to the indictment, the alleged campaign operated principally from approximately 2013 through 2017 and targeted more than 100,000 professor accounts worldwide. Five of the indicted individuals were among those designated by OFAC on August 24, 2026. The DOJ charges are allegations; no convictions have been entered in the 2026 superseding indictment proceedings as of the date of this page. OFAC's companion listing of 30 cryptocurrency addresses attributed to these defendants shows approximately $16.8 million in total flows across Bitcoin, Ethereum, and TRON networks (January 2018 through August 2026), with a residual balance of approximately $202,662 as of the designation date.","heading":"DOJ Cyber Indictment — Mabna Institute","sources":[{"url":"https://www.gjllp.com/blog/u-s-indicts-17-iranians-in-alleged-state-backed-cyber-theft-campaign/","name":"U.S. Indicts 17 Iranians in Alleged State-Backed Cyber Theft Campaign — New York Criminal Lawyer Blog","type":"court_filing","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/us-sanctions-mabna-institute/","name":"US Sanctions Mabna Institute Hackers for Iranian Cyber-Attacks — Infosecurity Magazine","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://news.bitcoin.com/regulation-and-legal/treasury-targets-iran-crypto-sector-and-100m-oil-payment-network/","name":"Treasury Targets Iran Crypto Sector and $100M Oil Payment Network — Bitcoin.com News","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"OFAC's August 24, 2026 action included the designation of 30 cryptocurrency addresses across Bitcoin, Ethereum, and TRON attributed to five Mabna Institute members, plus 16 additional digital currency addresses associated with other designated individuals. Separately, Behzad Mesri's existing SDN listing was amended to add 15 previously untagged addresses. TRM Labs analysis of the 30 Mabna-affiliated addresses found approximately $16.8 million in total funds received from January 2018 through August 2026, with approximately 92% of volume (roughly $15.5 million) concentrated in addresses controlled by Keyvan Fayyaz Ghareh Blagh alone. The residual balance across all 30 addresses at the time of designation was approximately $202,662, representing approximately 1% of historical inflows. Ivan Obukhov's network is alleged by OFAC to have processed over $100 million in cryptocurrency — primarily stablecoins — to settle IRGC-QF oil sales since 2023. The prior Central Bank of Iran freeze actions resulted in Tether immobilizing approximately $475 million in USDT total across two enforcement rounds (April and July 2026). Any exchange, wallet, or protocol that has transacted with any of these designated addresses, or with wallets traceable to them, faces secondary sanctions exposure and compliance screening obligations under the new sectoral determination.","heading":"On-Chain Forensics and Cryptocurrency Exposure","sources":[{"url":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/operation-economic-outcast-treasury-sanctions-nearly-60-iran-linked-targets-and-names-digital-assets-a-sanctionable-sector","name":"Operation Economic Outcast: Treasury Sanctions Nearly 60 Iran-linked Targets — TRM Labs","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/ofac-iran-oil-payments-august-2026/","name":"OFAC Targets Crypto-for-Oil Payments in Latest Iran Sanctions — Chainalysis","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/ofac-sanctions-iranian-crypto-exchanges-june-2026/","name":"OFAC Sanctions Nobitex & Iranian Crypto Exchanges June 2026 — Chainalysis","type":"research","credibility":2}],"severity":"critical"},{"content":"Operation Economic Outcast, and in particular the digital assets sectoral determination, creates concrete compliance obligations for cryptocurrency businesses globally. Businesses that may have unknowingly processed transactions involving Iranian counterparties must immediately audit transaction histories for exposure to newly listed SDN addresses and to addresses connected to the previously designated Iranian exchanges (Nobitex, Wallex, Bitpin, Ramzinex, Shelbit, Aban Tether). Wind-down transactions under the suspended general licenses were authorized only through September 8, 2026, after which specific licenses became required. The sectoral determination means OFAC no longer needs to demonstrate a direct link to a named SDN entry to pursue secondary sanctions; operating in or servicing Iran's digital asset sector is itself the actionable threshold. Treasury Secretary Bessent warned that countries would face 'defined timelines' to end Iran-related activity before unilateral Treasury action follows, and that 'any entity that facilitates money laundering on behalf of Iran will be removed from the U.S. dollar system.' Additional enforcement tools available to OFAC include FinCEN Section 311 designations (cutting off U.S. dollar correspondent access) and CISADA correspondent account restrictions. The UAE's Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority had previously issued enforcement actions against Shelbit General Trading LLC in January 2025 and July 2026, though operations allegedly continued — indicating that multi-jurisdictional compliance failures will be pursued through U.S. channels regardless of local regulatory action.","heading":"Compliance Obligations for Crypto Businesses","sources":[{"url":"https://www.paulhastings.com/insights/client-alerts/treasury-issues-additional-iran-related-sanctions-suspends-general-licenses-and-pledges-additional-action-under-operation-economic-outcast","name":"Treasury Issues Additional Iran-Related Sanctions, Suspends General Licenses, and Pledges Additional Action — Paul Hastings LLP","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.steptoe.com/en/news-publications/international-compliance-blog/weekly-sanctions-update-august-31-2026.html","name":"Weekly Sanctions Update: August 31, 2026 — Steptoe","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.scorechain.com/blog/ofac-iran-crypto-sanctions-june-2026","name":"OFAC Sanctions Iran's Four Largest Crypto Exchanges: What Every Compliance Team Needs to Know — Scorechain","type":"research","credibility":2}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"While the operation targets Iran's financial infrastructure, the designations extend well beyond Iranian territory. Entities and individuals designated as part of Operation Economic Outcast or in the preceding June and August 2026 actions are based in or operate through the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Switzerland, Georgia (Shelbit Exchange), Poland (Shelbit Technologies Ltd), Syria, and Ukraine (Ivan Obukhov). This geographic dispersion reflects Iran's alleged use of multi-jurisdictional corporate structures, shell companies, and third-country intermediaries to obscure the origin of funds and evade sanctions. The shadow-fleet component spans global maritime routes. U.S. persons and foreign persons transacting in or with any of these jurisdictions in sectors covered by the sectoral determination should apply enhanced due diligence. Treasury has indicated further rounds of coordinated international pressure, including potential secondary sanctions on jurisdictions that do not cooperate within their assigned timelines.","heading":"Geographic Scope of Designations","sources":[{"url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/24/trump-administration-announces-global-economic-war-on-iran","name":"US launches 'Operation Economic Outcast' to cut Iran's revenues — Al Jazeera","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2026/08/27/operation-economic-outcast-commences-and-where-it-could-head/","name":"Operation Economic Outcast Commences, And Where It Could Head — Foundation for Defense of Democracies","type":"research","credibility":2}],"severity":"high"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2020-01-10","event":"Executive Order 13902 signed, authorizing Treasury to designate sectors of the Iranian economy as sanctionable and to pursue secondary sanctions against persons operating in designated sectors.","source":"Executive Order 13902 — Wikipedia","source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13902"},{"date":"2026-04-23","event":"Tether froze approximately $344.2 million in USDT held in two Tron addresses directly attributed by OFAC to Iran's Central Bank, in what public reports described as the largest single on-chain freeze of Iranian sovereign crypto reserves on record. The action was coordinated with OFAC and described by Treasury Secretary Bessent as part of the 'Economic Fury' campaign.","source":"Tether's $344 million USDT freeze linked to U.S. 'Economic Fury' against Iran regime — CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/04/24/tether-s-usd344-million-usdt-freeze-linked-to-u-s-economic-fury-against-iran-regime"},{"date":"2026-06-02","event":"OFAC designated Nobitex, Wallex, Bitpin, and Ramzinex — Iran's four largest domestic cryptocurrency exchanges — in the largest crypto-specific OFAC action ever taken against Iranian exchange infrastructure at the time. Nobitex was alleged to have processed more than 50% of all Iranian digital asset inflows in 2025.","source":"U.S. sanctions Nobitex, other Iranian crypto exchanges — CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/06/02/u-s-sanctions-iranian-crypto-exchanges-in-ongoing-war-against-country"},{"date":"2026-07-16","event":"OFAC added four additional Central Bank of Iran cryptocurrency wallets to the SDN list; Tether froze an additional $131 million in USDT across those wallets, bringing the total blocked across both 2026 actions to approximately $475 million.","source":"U.S.' OFAC adds four Iran central bank crypto wallets to sanctions, Tether freezes $131 million of USDT — CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/business/2026/07/16/u-s-adds-four-iran-central-bank-crypto-wallets-to-sanctions-tether-freezes-usd131-million-of-contents"},{"date":"2026-08-07","event":"OFAC designated Shelbit Exchange (Georgia), Aban Tether (Iran), and associated entities and individuals including operator Siavash Kayvanpour. Shelbit was alleged to have transmitted over $2 million to IRGC-linked addresses and received over $1 million from IRGC addresses.","source":"U.S. sanctions Iran-linked crypto exchanges Shelbit and Aban Tether — CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/08/07/u-s-widens-iran-crypto-crackdown-with-sanctions-on-two-exchanges"},{"date":"2026-08-18","event":"DOJ unsealed a superseding indictment in the Southern District of New York charging 17 Iranian nationals affiliated with the Mabna Institute with hacking-related offenses across 14 counts, including allegations of cyber intrusions against U.S. universities, companies, government agencies, and NGOs on behalf of the IRGC.","source":"U.S. Indicts 17 Iranians in Alleged State-Backed Cyber Theft Campaign — New York Criminal Lawyer Blog","source_url":"https://www.gjllp.com/blog/u-s-indicts-17-iranians-in-alleged-state-backed-cyber-theft-campaign/"},{"date":"2026-08-24","event":"Treasury launched Operation Economic Outcast, designating approximately 60 entities, individuals, and vessels and issuing five sectoral sanctions determinations under E.O. 13902 covering digital assets, technology, gold, aviation, and shipping. For the first time, Iran's entire digital asset sector was designated as a sanctionable segment of the Iranian economy. OFAC simultaneously listed 30 cryptocurrency addresses across Bitcoin, Ethereum, and TRON attributed to five Mabna Institute members, and additional addresses tied to other designated individuals. General Licenses for educational, remittance, conference, sports, and academic access to Iran were suspended; General License BB authorized wind-down transactions through September 8, 2026.","source":"Treasury Launches Unprecedented Campaign Against Iranian Regime on Economic D-Day — U.S. Department of the Treasury","source_url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0613"},{"date":"2026-09-08","event":"General License BB wind-down window for transactions covered by suspended general licenses expired. After this date, specific licenses became mandatory for any previously authorized activity.","source":"Treasury Issues Additional Iran-Related Sanctions, Suspends General Licenses — Paul Hastings LLP","source_url":"https://www.paulhastings.com/insights/client-alerts/treasury-issues-additional-iran-related-sanctions-suspends-general-licenses-and-pledges-additional-action-under-operation-economic-outcast"}],"sources_used":[{"url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0613","name":"Treasury Launches Unprecedented Campaign Against Iranian Regime on Economic D-Day — U.S. Department of the Treasury (official press release)","type":"regulatory","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260831142437/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0613","credibility":1,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-31T14:24:37+00:00"},{"url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0598","name":"Treasury Sanctions Crypto Exchanges Funding Iran's IRGC and Enabling Illicit Finance — U.S. Department of the Treasury","type":"regulatory","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260825194542/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0598","credibility":1,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-25T19:45:42+00:00"},{"url":"https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/936781/download?inline=","name":"OFAC Sectoral Determination — Digital Assets (PDF)","type":"regulatory","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260825081517/https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/936781/download?inline=","credibility":1,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-25T08:15:17+00:00"},{"url":"https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/operation-economic-outcast-treasury-sanctions-nearly-60-iran-linked-targets-and-names-digital-assets-a-sanctionable-sector","name":"Operation Economic Outcast: Treasury Sanctions Nearly 60 Iran-linked Targets and Names Digital Assets a Sanctionable Sector — TRM Labs","type":"research","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260830112225/https://www.trmlabs.com/resources/blog/operation-economic-outcast-treasury-sanctions-nearly-60-iran-linked-targets-and-names-digital-assets-a-sanctionable-sector","credibility":2,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-30T11:22:25+00:00"},{"url":"https://decrypt.co/376424/us-can-now-sanction-anyone-operating-in-irans-crypto-sector","name":"US Can Now Sanction Anyone Operating in Iran's Crypto Sector — Decrypt","type":"news_article","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260828080327/https://decrypt.co/376424/us-can-now-sanction-anyone-operating-in-irans-crypto-sector","credibility":2,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-28T08:03:27+00:00"},{"url":"https://www.paulhastings.com/insights/client-alerts/treasury-issues-additional-iran-related-sanctions-suspends-general-licenses-and-pledges-additional-action-under-operation-economic-outcast","name":"Treasury Issues Additional Iran-Related Sanctions, Suspends General Licenses, 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