{"investigation":{"slug":"blockstream","entity_name":"Blockstream","trust_score":42,"severity_base":null,"score_modifier":0,"confidence":0.72,"status":"published","content_type":"investigation","summary":"Blockstream is a Bitcoin infrastructure company founded in 2014, led by cryptographer Adam Back, that develops the Liquid Network sidechain, Core Lightning, Blockstream Green wallet, Blockstream Jade hardware wallet, and Blockstream Satellite. The company achieved unicorn status with a $3.2 billion valuation in 2021 and has raised over $400 million in total financing. In September 2026, the Liquid Network suffered a critical ~$320 million exploit that drained approximately 4,000 BTC from its federation wallet, with ~598 BTC remaining unrecovered; the company also faces unresolved allegations regarding its Bitcoin Mining Note product and the undisclosed prior fraud conviction of its former mining division head.","sections":[{"content":"Blockstream was founded in 2014 by Adam Back, Pieter Wuille, Gregory Maxwell, and other Bitcoin developers and cryptographers. The company focuses on Bitcoin infrastructure and has developed several well-known products. The Liquid Network is a Bitcoin sidechain designed for exchanges and institutional users, enabling faster settlement and confidential transactions. Core Lightning (formerly c-lightning) is Blockstream's open-source implementation of the Lightning Network protocol. Blockstream Green is a non-custodial, open-source Bitcoin wallet. Blockstream Jade is an open-source hardware wallet. Blockstream Satellite broadcasts the Bitcoin blockchain globally via satellite 24/7, providing access to the network without internet connectivity. Blockstream also operates significant Bitcoin mining infrastructure. Adam Back invented Hashcash in 1997, the proof-of-work system that served as a foundational component of Bitcoin's mining algorithm; he was cited by Satoshi Nakamoto in the original Bitcoin whitepaper.","heading":"Company Background and Products","sources":[{"url":"https://blockstream.com/about/","name":"Blockstream About Page","type":"official","credibility":1},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockstream","name":"Blockstream Wikipedia Entry","type":"other","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.bitstamp.net/learn/people-profiles/adam-back/","name":"Adam Back profile - Bitstamp","type":"other","credibility":2}],"severity":"low"},{"content":"Blockstream raised $21 million in seed funding in 2014 from investors including Reid Hoffman, Real Ventures, and Max Levchin. In February 2016, the company raised $55 million in a Series A round led by AXA Strategic Ventures (the venture arm of French insurance giant AXA Group), Digital Garage, and Horizons Ventures, bringing total capital raised to $76 million. In August 2021, Blockstream raised $210 million in a Series B round at a $3.2 billion valuation, with investors including Baillie Gifford and iFinex — the parent company of the Bitfinex exchange and Tether. The iFinex investment drew scrutiny because Blockstream executives had publicly defended Bitfinex and Tether during the New York Attorney General's investigation into those entities. In October 2024, Blockstream raised an additional $210 million, led by Fulgur Ventures, and spun out Blockstream Mining as an independent company with over $350 million in additional financing. The relationship with iFinex is a noted conflict-of-interest concern: Bitfinex was both an early Blockstream investor and a user of the Liquid Network, and Blockstream executives were observed defending Bitfinex publicly during legal proceedings against that firm.","heading":"Funding History and Investor Relationships","sources":[{"url":"https://blockstream.com/press-releases/2016-02-03-blockstream-announces-55-million-series-a-investment/","name":"Blockstream announces $55M Series A - Blockstream official press release","type":"official","credibility":1},{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/ninabambysheva/2021/08/24/blockstream-raises-210-million-series-b-round-to-fund-the-companys-expansion-into-asic-development-hits-unicorn-status/","name":"Blockstream Raises $210M Series B - Forbes","type":"news_article","credibility":1},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2016/02/03/blockstream-raises-55-million-to-build-out-bitcoins-blockchain","name":"Blockstream Raises $55M led by AXA - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://decrypt.co/6966/bitifinex-blockstream-liquid","name":"Blockstream, Bitfinex's staunchest defender, partners with Bitfinex - Decrypt","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://tracxn.com/d/companies/blockstream/__IAFuGr-MbmCSh3qmtpi3ZZFHAHca20R3QrDKYP-8Am4/funding-and-investors","name":"Blockstream Funding Rounds - Tracxn","type":"research","credibility":2}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"On September 6, 2026, at approximately 15:53 UTC, actors exploited a vulnerability in the open-source Elements software that underlies the Liquid Network. The flaw resided in how Liquid nodes cache range proof verifications for confidential transactions, allowing the attackers to manufacture unbacked tokens that the federation's multisig treated as legitimate. Approximately 4,000 BTC — worth roughly $320 million at the time and representing around 95% of the federation's reserves — were drained. No federation multisig keys were compromised; the vulnerability existed upstream in the software validation layer. The Liquid Network suspended block production. Blockstream released an emergency patch (Elements v23.3.4) on September 9, 2026. The network resumed block production on September 10. The attackers identified themselves through an on-chain message as 'whitehat' researchers and returned approximately 3,400 BTC (roughly $270 million) after Blockstream confirmed the patch was deployed. Approximately 598 BTC (roughly $46 million) remained outstanding as of September 14, 2026, with no confirmed recovery timeline. Blockstream stated the incident does not qualify as white-hat hacking because the assets were taken without authorization and a significant portion remains unreturned. L-BTC peg and transaction operations remained halted as of the investigation date. The vulnerability affected the shared Elements codebase, meaning other projects built on the same code base were also potentially exposed.","heading":"Liquid Network Security Incident (September 2026)","sources":[{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/09/07/bitcoin-network-used-by-exchanges-hit-by-usd320-million-exploit-hackers-claim-they-re-the-good-guys","name":"$320 million bitcoin exploit hits Liquid Network - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://status.blockstream.com/incidents/b8b719f3-db70-4487-9cff-946e69509228","name":"Liquid Network Incident Report - Official Status Page","type":"official","credibility":1},{"url":"https://x.com/Liquid_BTC/status/2097404704028545175","name":"Liquid Network official incident update on X (September 8, 2026)","type":"official","credibility":1},{"url":"https://www.techtimes.com/articles/326941/20260908/liquid-network-exploit-drained-316m-via-software-bug-not-stolen-keys.htm","name":"Liquid Network Exploit Drained $316M Via Software Bug, Not Stolen Keys - TechTimes","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://blockonomi.com/liquid-network-hackers-return-270m-after-320m-bitcoin-exploit-keep-46m","name":"Liquid Network Hackers Return $270M After $320M Bitcoin Exploit, Keep $46M - Blockonomi","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/crypto/articles/4-000-btc-left-liquid-140329722.html","name":"4,000 BTC Left Liquid Network Without Stolen Keys - Yahoo Finance","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.spendnode.io/blog/liquid-network-resumes-block-production-emergency-patch-september-2026/","name":"Liquid Network Restarts Block Production After $320M Drain - SpendNode","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"critical"},{"content":"In June 2026, an anonymous investigative Substack account publishing under the name NatInfoSec alleged that Blockstream raised over $2 billion in high-yield Bitcoin Mining Notes (BMN) while allegedly operating with insufficient actual mining hash rate to meet contractual obligations. The account alleged that meeting BMN obligations would require over 20 EH/s of hashing power — potentially up to 35–45 EH/s including contract buffer clauses — while Blockstream's own public dashboard reportedly showed only approximately 15 EH/s. The allegations characterized the repayment structure as Ponzi-like, though no court has made any finding on these claims. A separate allegation concerned Chris Cook, the former head of Blockstream's mining division (and later CEO of Blockstream spin-off Exacore), who the NatInfoSec account alleged had a 2008 federal mail fraud conviction (case 06-80187, Southern District of Florida) that was not disclosed in any BMN issuance documents. Cook was alleged to have been sentenced to 41 months and ordered to pay approximately $1.85 million in restitution for defrauding over 30 retailers using shell companies and forged financial statements. BitMEX Research reviewed the accusations in a June 2026 post and found several unmerited: it noted Cook was not a director of the planned public company (BSTR) and the mining business was not expected to be part of that entity, reducing the disclosure obligation; it found the Ponzi characterization unsupported by the evidence presented; and it attributed poor mining performance to difficult market conditions rather than fraud. BitMEX did not rule out the possibility of financial mismanagement. No regulatory agency has charged Blockstream, Cook, or any affiliate with fraud related to BMNs as of the investigation date. Additionally, the BMN product itself is listed on the Bitfinex Securities platform, which has its own history of regulatory scrutiny. The NatInfoSec allegations are Tier 3 in sourcing terms and should be treated as low confidence absent further regulatory or judicial action.","heading":"Bitcoin Mining Notes (BMN) Allegations","sources":[{"url":"https://www.bitmex.com/blog/The-Blockstream-Mining-Note-Accusations","name":"The Blockstream Mining Note Accusations - BitMEX Research","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.kucoin.com/news/flash/blockstream-faces-fraud-allegations-amid-mining-notes-controversy","name":"Blockstream Faces Fraud Allegations Amid Mining Notes Controversy - KuCoin News","type":"news_article","credibility":3},{"url":"https://natinfosec.substack.com/p/adam-backs-blockstream-borrows-billions","name":"Adam Back's Blockstream Borrows Billions, Hides CIO Chris Cook's Fraud Conviction - NatInfoSec Substack","type":"community_report","credibility":3},{"url":"https://capital.bitfinex.com/bmn","name":"Blockstream Mining Note (BMN) listed on Bitfinex Securities","type":"official","credibility":1}],"severity":"high"},{"content":"A long-standing criticism of Blockstream is the structural conflict of interest between its commercial interests and its influence over Bitcoin Core development. Blockstream has historically employed multiple prominent Bitcoin Core contributors, including Pieter Wuille. Critics argued during the 2015–2017 'blocksize war' that Blockstream-employed developers had incentives to keep Bitcoin's base-layer throughput limited, since their employer's commercial products — particularly Liquid and Lightning — derive value from off-chain scaling. The argument, stated by critics including Roger Ver and summarized in books such as Jonathan Bier's 'The Blocksize War' and Ver's 'Hijacking Bitcoin', is that Blockstream's control over Core development and its financial interest in sidechain adoption created a conflict where limiting Bitcoin's native capacity would drive institutional clients to Liquid. Blockstream has consistently and firmly denied these allegations, with CEO Adam Back stating that the company has developed and collaborated on multiple tracks of decentralization since 2014. Blockstream notes it uses the BetterHash mining protocol, allowing individual customers to select their own transactions. The Decrypt investigation from 2020 found critics accused Blockstream of 'slapping the word trustless on completely trust-dependent things' regarding the Liquid Network's federated model, which requires trust in a set of 15 functionaries. These concerns are substantive in that the Liquid Network is architecturally federated rather than trustless, and this distinction is accurately documented. No regulatory action or court ruling has addressed these decentralization allegations.","heading":"Decentralization Concerns and Block Size War","sources":[{"url":"https://decrypt.co/45020/is-blockstream-a-peril-to-bitcoins-decentralization","name":"Is Blockstream a peril to Bitcoin's decentralization? - Decrypt","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://www.cryptovantage.com/news/does-blockchain-tech-company-blockstream-have-a-conflict-of-interest/","name":"Does Blockchain Tech Company Blockstream Have a Conflict of Interest? - CryptoVantage","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://ryanresearch.substack.com/p/a-history-of-the-bitcoin-scaling","name":"A History of the Bitcoin Scaling War (2014-2019) - Ryan Research","type":"research","credibility":3}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"In July 2025, Adam Back's Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company (BSTR Holdings, Inc.) — an entity affiliated with Blockstream Capital, Back's investment vehicle — announced a definitive merger agreement with Cantor Equity Partners I (ticker: CEPO), a SPAC chaired by Brandon Lutnick (son of U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick). The stated intent was to create a publicly listed Bitcoin treasury vehicle holding over 30,000 BTC, valued at approximately $1.93 billion as of July 2026. In July 2026, the parties announced they would not complete the merger under the original terms, and a Termination and Release Agreement was executed on approximately August 20, 2026. The two parties subsequently disclosed revised deal terms. As of the investigation date, the SPAC merger had not closed and was undergoing restructuring. The failure of the original terms raised questions among market observers about BSTR's capital structure and ability to go public. No regulatory action has been filed relating to the SPAC process as of the investigation date.","heading":"BSTR Public Listing and SPAC Merger","sources":[{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/07/08/adam-back-s-bstr-scraps-original-spac-terms-seeks-new-deal","name":"Adam Back's BSTR scraps original SPAC terms, seeks new deal - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://seekingalpha.com/news/4468430-cantor-equity-partners-i-to-merge-with-bstr-holdings-in-15b-spac-deal","name":"Cantor Equity Partners I to merge with BSTR Holdings in $1.5B SPAC deal - Seeking Alpha","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://en.coin-turk.com/adam-back-named-in-nyt-satoshi-story-as-bitcoin-treasury-bstr-eyes-1-5b-deal/","name":"Adam Back named in NYT Satoshi story as Bitcoin treasury BSTR eyes $1.5B deal - Bitget News","type":"news_article","credibility":3},{"url":"https://bitcointreasuries.net/public-companies/bitcoin-standard-treasury-company","name":"Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company - Bitcoin Holdings","type":"research","credibility":2}],"severity":"medium"},{"content":"In April 2026, the New York Times published a 12,000-word investigation by reporter John Carreyrou arguing that Adam Back is the most likely candidate to be Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin's pseudonymous creator. The analysis relied on stylometric comparison of 134,308 posts from Cypherpunk mailing lists active between 1992 and 2008, finding Back shared 67 of 325 distinct hyphenation errors with Satoshi's corpus. Adam Back publicly and emphatically denied being Satoshi Nakamoto, producing emails from 2008 in which Satoshi apparently contacted him as a stranger, asking only to check a citation before publishing the Bitcoin whitepaper. The NYT investigation's own linguist, Florian Cafiero, described his stylometric results as inconclusive, noting that Hal Finney nearly tied for the top spot. The broader crypto community's reaction was largely skeptical. No court, regulatory body, or authoritative technical proceeding has determined Satoshi Nakamoto's identity. This item is included because it is material public reporting about the CEO of Blockstream, but the claim is unverified and disputed by the subject.","heading":"Adam Back and Satoshi Nakamoto Allegations","sources":[{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/08/british-cryptographer-adam-back-denies-nyt-report-that-he-is-bitcoin-creator-satoshi-nakamoto/","name":"British cryptographer Adam Back denies NYT report that he is Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto - TechCrunch","type":"news_article","credibility":1},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/04/08/adam-back-denies-he-s-satoshi-nakamoto-after-nyt-report-claims-he-s-bitcoin-s-creator","name":"Adam Back denies he's Satoshi Nakamoto after NYT report - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","credibility":2},{"url":"https://unchainedcrypto.com/nyt-names-adam-back-as-satoshi-nakamoto-he-denies-it-and-the-crypto-community-agrees-with-him-unchained/","name":"NYT Names Adam Back as Satoshi Nakamoto. He Denies It — and the Crypto Community Agrees with Him - Unchained","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"low"},{"content":"Blockstream has made substantial and verifiable contributions to the open-source Bitcoin ecosystem. The company maintains Core Lightning, a leading production implementation of the Lightning Network protocol used widely in enterprise contexts. Blockstream Jade and Blockstream Green are both open-source, and the Green wallet has maintained a strong security record with no known custodial breaches. Blockstream Satellite provides free, global Bitcoin blockchain access via satellite, which is a genuine censorship-resistance contribution. The company employs or has employed several prominent cryptographers and Bitcoin Core contributors, including Pieter Wuille. The company's Q4 2025 update noted significant improvements to Core Lightning including performance optimizations and reduced database latency. These contributions represent genuine legitimacy signals and are consistent with Blockstream's claimed mission of building Bitcoin infrastructure.","heading":"Open Source Contributions and Legitimacy Signals","sources":[{"url":"https://corelightning.org/","name":"Core Lightning website","type":"official","credibility":1},{"url":"https://blog.blockstream.com/blockstream-quarterly-update-q4-2025/","name":"Blockstream Quarterly Update Q4 2025","type":"official","credibility":1},{"url":"https://blockstream.com/satellite/","name":"Blockstream Satellite service page","type":"official","credibility":1},{"url":"https://99bitcoins.com/bitcoin-wallet/blockstream-review/","name":"Blockstream Green wallet security overview - 99Bitcoins","type":"research","credibility":2}],"severity":"low"},{"content":"A vulnerability in the original Blockstream Jade hardware wallet was disclosed in 2023 by a competing hardware wallet manufacturer (Ledger). The vulnerability could, under certain physical access conditions, allow an attacker to extract private keys from the device. Blockstream addressed this in the subsequent Jade Plus model, which introduced security improvements. The original Jade's design used a 'virtual secure element' model rather than a dedicated hardware secure element chip, which was the root architectural trade-off that enabled the vulnerability. The Jade Plus has been reviewed favorably for its open-source security model. No user fund losses have been publicly attributed to this vulnerability.","heading":"Hardware Wallet Security: Blockstream Jade Vulnerability","sources":[{"url":"https://www.cypherock.com/blogs/jade-hardware-wallet-security-is-blockstream-jade-worth-trusting","name":"Jade Hardware Wallet Security: Is Blockstream Jade Worth Trusting? - Cypherock","type":"research","credibility":2},{"url":"https://cryptonews.com/reviews/blockstream-jade-review/","name":"Blockstream Jade Review 2026 - CryptoNews","type":"news_article","credibility":2}],"severity":"medium"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2014-01-01","event":"Blockstream founded by Adam Back, Pieter Wuille, Gregory Maxwell, and others; raises $21 million seed round.","source":"CoinDesk / Blockstream","source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockstream"},{"date":"2016-02-03","event":"Blockstream raises $55 million Series A led by AXA Strategic Ventures, Digital Garage, and Horizons Ventures.","source":"Blockstream official press release","source_url":"https://blockstream.com/press-releases/2016-02-03-blockstream-announces-55-million-series-a-investment/"},{"date":"2017-08-16","event":"Blockstream Satellite service announced, broadcasting Bitcoin blockchain from space.","source":"PR Newswire / Via Satellite","source_url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/announcing-blockstream-satellite-broadcasting-bitcoin-from-space-300504390.html"},{"date":"2021-08-24","event":"Blockstream raises $210 million Series B at $3.2 billion valuation; investors include Baillie Gifford and iFinex (parent of Bitfinex).","source":"Forbes","source_url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/ninabambysheva/2021/08/24/blockstream-raises-210-million-series-b-round-to-fund-the-companys-expansion-into-asic-development-hits-unicorn-status/"},{"date":"2023-01-01","event":"Fulgur Ventures and Kingsway Capital invest in Blockstream conventional debt round.","source":"Tracxn","source_url":"https://tracxn.com/d/companies/blockstream/__IAFuGr-MbmCSh3qmtpi3ZZFHAHca20R3QrDKYP-8Am4/funding-and-investors"},{"date":"2023-01-01","event":"Ledger discloses a physical-access vulnerability in the original Blockstream Jade hardware wallet that could allow private key extraction.","source":"Cypherock research / hardware-wallets.net","source_url":"https://www.cypherock.com/blogs/jade-hardware-wallet-security-is-blockstream-jade-worth-trusting"},{"date":"2024-10-01","event":"Blockstream raises an additional $210 million led by Fulgur Ventures; Blockstream Mining spun out as an independent company with over $350 million in additional financing.","source":"Bitcoinist / Nasdaq","source_url":"https://bitcoinist.com/adam-back-blockstream-125-million-expand-operations/amp/"},{"date":"2025-07-17","event":"BSTR Holdings (Adam Back / Blockstream Capital affiliate) announces definitive SPAC merger agreement with Cantor Equity Partners I at a $1.5 billion deal value.","source":"Seeking Alpha / CoinDesk","source_url":"https://seekingalpha.com/news/4468430-cantor-equity-partners-i-to-merge-with-bstr-holdings-in-15b-spac-deal"},{"date":"2026-04-08","event":"New York Times publishes investigation naming Adam Back as its strongest candidate for Satoshi Nakamoto. Back publicly denies the allegation. The investigation's own linguist described the stylometric results as inconclusive.","source":"TechCrunch / CoinDesk","source_url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/08/british-cryptographer-adam-back-denies-nyt-report-that-he-is-bitcoin-creator-satoshi-nakamoto/"},{"date":"2026-06-08","event":"Anonymous Substack account NatInfoSec publishes allegations that Blockstream raised approximately $2 billion in Bitcoin Mining Notes with insufficient hash rate backing, and that former mining division head Chris Cook had an undisclosed 2008 federal mail fraud conviction. BitMEX Research subsequently assessed several allegations as unmerited but did not fully clear the company.","source":"NatInfoSec Substack (Tier 3); BitMEX Research (Tier 2)","source_url":"https://www.bitmex.com/blog/The-Blockstream-Mining-Note-Accusations"},{"date":"2026-07-08","event":"BSTR and Cantor Equity Partners announce they will not complete the SPAC merger under original terms; revised deal structure to be negotiated.","source":"CoinDesk","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/07/08/adam-back-s-bstr-scraps-original-spac-terms-seeks-new-deal"},{"date":"2026-08-20","event":"Termination and Release Agreement executed between Cantor Equity Partners I and BSTR Holdings under the original SPAC merger terms.","source":"CoinDesk / SEC filings","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/07/08/adam-back-s-bstr-scraps-original-spac-terms-seeks-new-deal"},{"date":"2026-09-06","event":"Liquid Network suffers a critical exploit via a vulnerability in the Elements software range-proof verification cache. Approximately 4,000 BTC (~$320 million) drained from the federation wallet. Block production suspended.","source":"CoinDesk / Liquid Network official","source_url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/09/07/bitcoin-network-used-by-exchanges-hit-by-usd320-million-exploit-hackers-claim-they-re-the-good-guys"},{"date":"2026-09-07","event":"Attackers return approximately 3,400 BTC to the Liquid federation peg wallet and identify themselves as whitehats. Blockstream disputes the characterization and rejects any ransom framing. Approximately 598 BTC remains outstanding.","source":"Blockonomi / Parameter.io","source_url":"https://blockonomi.com/liquid-network-hackers-return-270m-after-320m-bitcoin-exploit-keep-46m"},{"date":"2026-09-09","event":"Blockstream releases Elements v23.3.4, an emergency patch addressing the range-proof cache vulnerability.","source":"Liquid Network official / SpendNode","source_url":"https://www.spendnode.io/blog/liquid-network-resumes-block-production-emergency-patch-september-2026/"},{"date":"2026-09-10","event":"Liquid Network resumes block production. BTC peg-in and peg-out operations remain suspended pending further review.","source":"Blockonomi / BitcoinEthereumNews","source_url":"https://bitcoinethereumnews.com/bitcoin/liquid-network-restarts-block-production-after-320m-bitcoin-exploit/"}],"sources_used":[{"url":"https://blockstream.com/about/","name":"Blockstream About Page","type":"official","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260825082323/https://blockstream.com/about/","credibility":1,"archive_timestamp":"2026-08-25T08:23:23+00:00"},{"url":"https://blockstream.com/press-releases/2016-02-03-blockstream-announces-55-million-series-a-investment/","name":"Blockstream $55M Series A Press Release","type":"official","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260720184349/https://blockstream.com/press-releases/2016-02-03-blockstream-announces-55-million-series-a-investment/","credibility":1,"archive_timestamp":"2026-07-20T18:43:49+00:00"},{"url":"https://status.blockstream.com/incidents/b8b719f3-db70-4487-9cff-946e69509228","name":"Liquid Network Incident Status Page","type":"official","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260911103428/https://status.blockstream.com/incidents/b8b719f3-db70-4487-9cff-946e69509228","credibility":1,"archive_timestamp":"2026-09-11T10:34:28+00:00"},{"url":"https://x.com/Liquid_BTC/status/2097404704028545175","name":"Liquid Network official incident report on X","type":"official","archive_url":null,"credibility":1,"archive_timestamp":null},{"url":"https://blog.blockstream.com/blockstream-quarterly-update-q4-2025/","name":"Blockstream Quarterly Update Q4 2025","type":"official","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260516173223/https://blog.blockstream.com/blockstream-quarterly-update-q4-2025/","credibility":1,"archive_timestamp":"2026-05-16T17:32:23+00:00"},{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/ninabambysheva/2021/08/24/blockstream-raises-210-million-series-b-round-to-fund-the-companys-expansion-into-asic-development-hits-unicorn-status/","name":"Blockstream raises $210M Series B - Forbes","type":"news_article","archive_url":null,"credibility":1,"archive_error":"error:no-request","archive_status":"unarchivable","archive_timestamp":null},{"url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/08/british-cryptographer-adam-back-denies-nyt-report-that-he-is-bitcoin-creator-satoshi-nakamoto/","name":"Adam Back denies being Satoshi Nakamoto - TechCrunch","type":"news_article","archive_url":"http://web.archive.org/web/20260409121233/https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/08/british-cryptographer-adam-back-denies-nyt-report-that-he-is-bitcoin-creator-satoshi-nakamoto/","credibility":1,"archive_timestamp":"2026-04-09T12:12:33+00:00"},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2026/09/07/bitcoin-network-used-by-exchanges-hit-by-usd320-million-exploit-hackers-claim-they-re-the-good-guys","name":"$320M Liquid Network exploit - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","archive_url":null,"credibility":2,"archive_timestamp":null},{"url":"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2016/02/03/blockstream-raises-55-million-to-build-out-bitcoins-blockchain","name":"Blockstream raises $55M - CoinDesk","type":"news_article","archive_url":null,"credibility":2,"archive_timestamp":null},{"url":"https://decrypt.co/45020/is-blockstream-a-peril-to-bitcoins-decentralization","name":"Is Blockstream a peril to Bitcoin's decentralization? 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