Alameda Research
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anchored·4b6Su4…YzumSummary
Alameda Research LLC was a quantitative cryptocurrency trading firm co-founded in 2017 by Sam Bankman-Fried that acted as FTX's main market maker and became the main vehicle for one of the largest financial frauds in U.S. history. Using a hidden exemption from FTX's liquidation controls and bank accounts that received customer deposits, Alameda took billions of dollars in FTX customer funds (over $8 billion per the CFTC) for trading, venture investments, real estate and political donations. Alameda, FTX and affiliated entities filed for bankruptcy in November 2022; Bankman-Fried was sentenced to 25 years in prison, Alameda CEO Caroline Ellison and other executives pleaded guilty, and the CFTC obtained a $12.7 billion judgment against FTX and Alameda.
Connected Entities
10 entities · 59 linked investigations- Gary Wang→mentioned with→Alameda(70%)
- Gary Wang→mentioned with→FTX(70%)
- Gary Wang→mentioned with→Binance(60%)
- Caroline Ellison→mentioned with→FTX(70%)
- Caroline Ellison→mentioned with→Alameda(70%)
- Alameda Research→mentioned with→Binance(70%)
- Alameda Research→mentioned with→Alameda(70%)
- Sam Bankman-Fried→mentioned with→Alameda(70%)
- Sam Bankman-Fried→mentioned with→Binance(65%)
- Alameda→mentioned with→Alameda Research(80%)
- + 47 more
Timeline(23 events)
2017
Alameda Research is co-founded by Sam Bankman-Fried and Tara Mac Aulay in Berkeley, California, as a quantitative cryptocurrency trading firm (founding month given as November 2017 on one source page and September 2017 on another).
Alameda Research - Wikipedia2018
Alameda earns an estimated $10–30 million from a bitcoin arbitrage trade between Japan and the United States.
Alameda Research - WikipediaApril 2019
Bankman-Fried launches the FTX exchange, with Alameda as its main market maker; according to later trial testimony, Alameda began drawing on FTX customer funds as early as this year.
ProtosMay 2022
Alameda suffers a series of losses in May and June 2022, after which FTX reportedly lends it more than half of its customers' funds (Wall Street Journal, via Wikipedia).
Alameda Research - WikipediaAugust 2022
Caroline Ellison becomes sole CEO of Alameda after Sam Trabucco resigns.
Alameda Research - WikipediaNovember 2022
CoinDesk (November 2) publishes Alameda's balance sheet, showing its largest asset is $3.66 billion of FTX's own FTT token.
CoinDeskNovember 2022
Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao announces Binance will sell its FTT (November 6); Caroline Ellison offers to buy Zhao's FTT at $22 per token, and a run on FTX begins.
CoinDeskNovember 2022
Binance signs a non-binding letter of intent to acquire FTX (November 8) and then withdraws, citing mishandled customer funds.
Bankruptcy of FTX - WikipediaNovember 2022
Alameda's website is taken down and Bankman-Fried announces the firm will wind down trading (November 9).
Alameda Research - WikipediaNovember 2022
FTX Trading Ltd., Alameda Research LLC and affiliated entities (over 100 or more than 130, by differing accounts) file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in Delaware (November 11); Bankman-Fried resigns and John J. Ray III is appointed CEO.
Bankruptcy of FTX - WikipediaDecember 2022
Sam Bankman-Fried is arrested in the Bahamas at the request of U.S. authorities.
Sam Bankman-Fried - WikipediaDecember 2022
The CFTC sues Bankman-Fried, FTX and Alameda Research for fraud and material misrepresentations; the DOJ and SEC bring parallel charges the same day.
CFTCDecember 2022
Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang plead guilty and agree to cooperate with prosecutors.
NBC NewsFebruary 2023
Nishad Singh pleads guilty to six criminal counts and agrees to cooperate with prosecutors.
Al JazeeraSeptember 2023
Ryan Salame pleads guilty to conspiracy to defraud the FEC and operating an unlicensed money transmitting business.
CoinDeskNovember 2023
A federal jury in the Southern District of New York finds Bankman-Fried guilty on all seven counts.
Trial of Sam Bankman-Fried - WikipediaMarch 2024
Judge Lewis Kaplan sentences Bankman-Fried to 25 years in federal prison and orders $11 billion in forfeiture.
U.S. Department of JusticeAugust 2024
The court enters a $12.7 billion consent judgment against FTX Trading and Alameda Research ($8.7 billion restitution, $4 billion disgorgement), the CFTC's largest recovery.
CFTCSeptember 2024
Caroline Ellison is sentenced to two years in prison and ordered to forfeit $11 billion.
CNBCOctober 2024
Nishad Singh is sentenced to time served, three years of supervised release and $11 billion in forfeiture.
CNBCNovember 2024
Gary Wang is sentenced to time served, three years of supervised release and $11 billion in forfeiture.
CNBCJanuary 2026
Caroline Ellison is released after serving about 14 months of her two-year sentence.
CoinDeskDecision Log
- slot 462280095 · hash DowYVZr5q7oFUFQYMA5oNQm1NAsgpeUoHidZxTsn59aA
- slot 462280090 · hash 9CVfsiCHD18PvdjEhPeEHR7zhE8cQyx8wCzQDW6kDuH
- slot 423161817 · hash C21xWLvPYi3o2jEsjVKCGfLY6w9QLxvWu67yEhCGcyKG
- slot 419529041 · hash 2U6EXSNUVehrJmF2cEYMy8dW8t446nENstWWhJ8V4AMY
- slot 419529037 · hash BF9DRyE33dvDACBtq8688YCnS8Ax4JaDxn83QgejDs1E
This investigation is cryptographically anchored to the Solana blockchain (5 decisions). 31 of 33 cited source URLs have an Internet Archive snapshot.
model: claude-code-merge-writer
generated: 5/7/2026, 5:14:24 AM
last updated: 10/28/2026, 12:51:45 AM
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