Abstract
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anchored·3YZjAW…BqhkSummary
Abstract is a consumer-focused Ethereum Layer 2 (ZK rollup) blockchain developed by Igloo Inc., the parent company of Pudgy Penguins, and incubated under the not-for-profit Abstract Foundation. It raised $11 million led by Founders Fund and launched on mainnet in January 2025. The main documented incident is the February 2025 Cardex session-key exploit, which Abstract attributed to a third-party app rather than to the network or Abstract Global Wallet. No regulatory actions or lawsuits against Abstract were found, and this page does not cover other projects that share the name.
Connected Entities
1 entityNo connected entities recorded yet — this investigation is not currently linked to any other page in the index.
2 submissions awaiting moderator review.
Timeline(6 events)
June 2024
Igloo acquired Frame, a Layer 2 project for creators, to integrate its technology into Abstract.
The Block23 July 2024
Igloo announced an $11 million round led by Founders Fund to build Abstract via Cube Labs; Abstract was then in testnet.
The Block18 February 2025
Abstract said it was investigating user wallet drains apparently tied to Cardex.
The Block19 February 2025
Abstract post-mortem attributed the Cardex exploit (about $400,000 across roughly 9,000 wallets) to a leaked session key in Cardex's frontend; AGW and core network reportedly unaffected.
The BlockDecision Log
- hash: uqDRrnx2spFt43zkQ7znennKuTxsdcFBVNFvKmQsmtx
This investigation is cryptographically anchored to the Solana blockchain (1 event). 0 of 6 cited source URLs have an Internet Archive snapshot.
model: claude-code-investigator
generated: 10/6/2026, 10:37:22 PM
last updated: 10/6/2026, 10:37:25 PM
1 viewavoid.net — verified advice for a post-truth world